Essence and types of management decisions

In the process of performing activities, anyorganizations every day there are situations when the leader needs to choose one option from several possible actions, in other words, to make a decision. Since there is always a high percentage of uncertainty in the behavior of market subjects, forward-looking methods are the foreground, thanks to which the manager analyzes possible variants of events and chooses the most optimal solution from several.

The essence and types of managerial decisions can not beconsider without defining the aspects that together influence the development of an effective management decision. Such aspects include: information, economic, psychological, mathematical, technical, organizational, logical, legal aspects and many others. In short, the decision-making process assumes the direct impact of the subject on the object or the control system on the control subsystem.

The standard classification provides forthe following types of management decisions: traditional and non-traditional. Traditional decisions are made on the basis of a choice from the solutions that have occurred earlier. Non-traditional types of managerial decisions are creative and non-standard approach to decision making, search for new options.

Proceeding from the foregoing, it can be concluded that,that traditional types of managerial decisions are very formalized and can be adopted according to a certain previously developed algorithm. The activity of the manager becomes more effective, because the probability of error in making a decision is reduced many times, and the time spent on adoption is saved by lack of search for the optimal option. Naturally, for standard situations such managerial decisions take the form of instructions, rules and regulations.

But not all situations are played out for a certainscenario, there are also those to which formalized approaches are not applicable. It is these types of managerial decisions that reveal the potential of a real leader. More often than not, the manager balances between the two species, resolving emerging problems through a variety of methods and principles.

The content and types of management decisions are basedon the application of such approaches as system, integration, complex, dynamic, reproductive, process, administrative, mathematical, marketing, situational, behavioral.

A systemic approach presupposes a relationshipcomponents within the system or object. The integration approach examines these relationships within subsystems, between levels and subjects. An integrated approach implies the complexity and versatility of directions of management, their interrelations. The dynamic approach of management considers the object of management in its dialectical development and cause-effect relations. Reproductive approach is the permanent resumption of production of a certain type of products. The process approach is based on the interrelation of managerial functions. The administrative approach is the regulation and strict observance of rules, functions and responsibilities. The marketing approach focuses the management system on the consumer. A functional approach considers any need as a collection of functions that require satisfaction. The situational approach determines the degree of suitability of a particular method of managing a particular situation. The essence of the mathematical approach - in the transition to quantitative management assessments, using for this purpose mathematical methods and expert estimates, scores and calculations. The behavioral approach is distinguished by an increase in the efficiency of the organization's activities due to the improvement of the quality of the use of the labor resources of the enterprise.