Hoisting cranes: types and operating rules

Many years ago, lifting equipmentwas one of the main achievements of technology. But today, when advanced technologies and modern materials are being actively introduced, it is gradually becoming more and more traditional. Currently, there are a large number of companies that supply both various lifting equipment and a wide range of construction and industrial equipment.

Hoisting equipment: terminology

Under the term "lift" today understandA special technique that can function continuously or periodically. Such equipment as hoisting cranes, elevators, etc., has the main purpose - it is the movement of various loads by a carrier device moving along a high-strength vertical rail or along railroad tracks.

Lifting equipment today is presentedseveral varieties. The most common and most frequently used in almost all industrial areas are cargo lifts. In them the load transfer device is attached to a steel rope enveloping the winches wound on a drum or a traction sheave. Hoisting cranes operate mainly on electric drives, and also on hydraulic ones.

Cantilever cranes

In the construction industry, the largestpopularity and demand for cantilever lifts, which became possible due to the simplicity of their design and low cost. They are made in the form of mast racks without fences, with respect to which cantilevered platforms are placed.

Safe operation of cranes largely depends on the correct type. It is worth noting that the console type equipment is divided into:

• The column crane. It is a stationary column, on which there is a lifting of goods, is widely used in machine building.
• Wall-mounted cantilever crane. It differs from the first variant in that it consists of a wall farm, on which the trolley moves. Installation method - stationary. The main advantage is the ability to work in small rooms. Typically, this type of crane is installed in order to reduce the load on the bridge lifts.

Electric overhead traveling crane

There are also mine cranes, having, inthe difference from the console, a special device for fencing people, in which along the guide are moving lifting cabs or platforms. Basically, this technique is used in the mining industry. Hoisting cranes bridge are designed for lowering / lifting large objects. Thanks to a certain method of delivery of goods, this type of equipment can significantly reduce costs, especially in comparison with the inclined trunk and auto-exit. Compliance with safety rules when working with such cranes allows to reduce the risk to a minimum. The main advantage of this type of equipment is fast and relatively safe transportation of heavy loads.

Gantry Cranes

This equipment is moved by specialpaths, the number of which can vary from 1 to 3. The width of the knees - 6 m, 10.5 m, 15.3 m. The length of the boom can reach up to 100 meters. This type of crane is widely used in the shipbuilding industry, both in marine and river ports. This equipment is also used in floating docks and shipyards. Their specialization is rather narrow, it is used only for work in open areas.

Portal cranes are subdivided into subspecies:

• assembly (CPM) - load capacity up to 300 tons;
• transshipment (KPP) - is calculated on weight from 5 to 40 t;
• dock (EFFICIENCY) - is used for working with cargoes, the weight of which does not exceed 30 tons.

The construction of the equipment is a portal with a swinging arrow, which moves along the crane tracks. Special hooks and grabs are used for lifting loads.

Operation of cranes

Before you start work on load-liftingcranes, you need to learn the safety rules. At all enterprises, they are instructed. Some items may vary depending on the type of equipment, but the general essence of this documentation is the following:

• work with electrical equipment;
• study and principle of operation of the main components of the crane (cart, gallery, etc.);
• method of management;
• braking factor, etc.

Features of choice

In the process of choosing a cargo lift fora number of important factors must be taken into account. This is the method of attachment, load capacity and many others. In addition, various load handling devices and devices are also used. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the frequency of the lifting of loads and calculate the approximate number of inclusions and shutdowns of the crane. Using the received data, it is possible to choose the lift taking into account the weight of the transported cargo. It is important to know the rules of operation of cranes and features of their construction. This will secure and significantly facilitate the movement of heavy objects.