Rules for the transport of dangerous goods by rail in tanks. Safety rules for the carriage of dangerous goods by railways of the Russian Federation
Transportation of goods by railis carried out by special rules. These normative documents are developed at the international level, periodically undergo changes and are corrected. Modern Rules for the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Rail were introduced in 1996. They operate not only in Russia, but also in other CIS countries. The document must be observed by all road employees and persons involved in the shipment and receipt of goods.
Safety on the railway
The quality of rail transport inRussia is directly connected with the development of industry, trade, and economic branches. The railway connects the central regions of the country with the remotest corners. Through it come the vital goods and food, large quantities of materials for factories and factories. Finally, hundreds of thousands of people make business trips and travel by train. Therefore, it is so important to ensure the safety of transportation, not to allow fires on the roads, in wagons.
Particular attention is paid to safety ruleswhen transporting dangerous goods by rail. In this case, special conditions must be observed. For any consignment, transport documents must be attached, in which the variety and description are indicated. The type of danger is set in advance. The cargo is assigned a particular number, in accordance with which the transportation is subsequently carried out.
Regulations
Special documentation with transportation rulesDangerous goods by rail are then used to prevent accidents on the roads and avoid human casualties. Norms and rules were developed over time, taking into account all the nuances. A separate document regulates the features of transportation of petroleum bitumen and the transportation of cargo in a combined message, where water transport is also used.
There are also rules regarding filling containers, filling in transport documents, handling claims for problems with cargo and transport.
Main classification
There is a special type of cargo that can becomecause of fires, environmental pollution and other disasters. They are called dangerous and need certain conditions of transportation and storage. All types of dangerous goods are divided into nine classes. A special table in the annexes to the Regulations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Rail will help to define the type of danger precisely. The typology is rather complicated, it has many subspecies and groups. In addition, each type of cargo is assigned a classification code.
For example, the second class includes threesubclass. All these are gases: toxic and non-toxic, flammable. They are placed in special containers, since there is a big threat of an explosion. Non-refrigerated liquefied gases are transported in portable tanks with a non-segregated structure.
Tank wagons
Tanks are used not only for the transport of gases,but also for liquid cargo. This can be non-dangerous goods: food (for example, flour), materials for construction. Dangerous transport in specialized tanks. There is an opportunity to maintain a certain temperature, conditions. There are tank-wagons of the "vessel" type, the liquid in which is kept under pressure all the time. Containers specially prepared by the sender may also be used if quality certificates are attached to them. Clear requirements for wagons can be found in the Regulations for the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Rail.
Road workers should be informed of thecondition of the tank reinforcement. The movement of dangerous goods from the container to another is carried out in a specially designated area for this operation. Some second-class cargo (uncooled) is transported in a cauldron of portable tank wagons.
Rules for the transport of dangerous goods by rail in tanks
Mandatory marking is carried outtank wagons. If the dangerous cargo has been moved and the tank has not been cleaned after it, the name "empty tank wagon" is indicated. And after it the information on the last cargo (its class, a subgroup and additional characteristics) are put. Tanks with a large capacity can be part of the battery-wagon. All elements of it are firmly linked. Tanks with dangerous cargo must be followed by guard cars. Before transportation, check the operation of temperature regimes, pressure in the container. It is necessary to take into account that some dangerous substances, belonging to different types, should not be transported together.
Other varieties
Flammable liquids (carbon disulphide andothers) are placed in special barrels, the plugs of which are located upwards. This cargo has a third hazard class, the sign must be indicated on the car. Solid products that are easily flammable are classed as 4.1. Matches are placed safely in special plywood boxes, and consumer containers are suitable for celluloid products.
Dangerous goods of Class 5 may also causeignition and fire. Therefore, the wagons for them must be carefully cleaned. Particularly stringent requirements are presented for the transport of toxic and toxic substances by the Rules for the transport of dangerous goods by rail. Their class norms are 6.1.
Acute substances are attributed to the eighth type. Among them, mercury, nitric acid. Transportation is carried out with escort, in a special container with seals. Packaging must be carefully treated with fire retardant. All other dangerous goods are classified as Class 9.
Paperwork
The carrier must take care offulfillment of all conditions for the transport of dangerous goods. A waybill with a list of all transported materials and substances must be prepared. If among them there are those that pose a danger, then it is necessary to compare them with the list in the normative document. Explosive goods belonging to the first class are entered in a separate list, together with information on their supply. Six months before this, permission is taken from state structures to carry out this type of activity.
In addition to the waybill, an emergency card is issued. This document specifies the properties, rules for the transport of dangerous goods by rail, and possible actions for the elimination of a transport accident. On the invoice you put a red bar indicating the danger of the goods.
Marking with special signs
Special signs must warn of the danger of the goods being transported. The marking is placed on wagons and containers.
In addition, a special plate withnumber of the same cargo according to the UN classification. There is also placed a digital code, which is a sequence of actions in an emergency situation. The color of the rectangle is orange. In addition to all signs, an emergency card is given. Marking is carried out before shipping, during the loading process.
Possible consequences
If the conditions for transporting goods are not met,there can be negative consequences of a different kind. The most serious are explosions caused by death and serious people, damage to equipment. Fire can be transferred to those near the building. The entry of hazardous substances into the environment leads to air pollution, causing poisoning of animals and humans. As a result, serious diseases can arise: respiratory tract, skin, blood circulation, etc.
Toxic and infectious substances of the sixth gradecan go unnoticed on the clothes of a person, and through it - on the surface of the body. As a result, dizziness symptoms appear, the temperature rises, which in the absence of emergency treatment leads to the death of the victim. Therefore, even if there is a leakage of such substances in the car, treatment measures should be minimized so that the worker does not come into contact with the surface of the package. Compliance with the rules for the transport of dangerous goods on the railways of the Russian Federation is the responsibility of all freight carriers.
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