Khrunichev Plant: history, products, address

The Khrunichev plant is the leading aerospacean enterprise with a centuries-old history. Here the first domestic passenger cars "Russo-Balt", armored cars, civil and military aircraft were manufactured. Since the 1960s, the company has been developing rocket and space technology.

Second Automotive

The beginning of the 20th century was marked by rapid developmentself-propelled engineering. First, cars were imported into the Russian Empire from Germany and France. Later in Riga, the first factory for the production of cars with ICE under the brand "Russo-Balt" was opened. The next domestic automobile center was Moscow. The Khrunichev plant has been developing its history since 1916, when the construction of the Second Russo-Balt automobile plant began in Fili.

However, the revolution broke the plans of shareholders. The enterprise was nationalized and was completed by a new power. In 1921, the plant was renamed into the 1-st armored and departed to the authority of the Red Army Armored Corps. A year later, the first 5 cars passed the parade in front of the Kremlin leadership.

First of all planes

Strangely enough, a successful start of the enterprisewas the reason for its redevelopment. It was decided to produce on the basis of its capacity more technological products - all-metal aircraft. As there was no domestic design school in this direction, the Khrunichev plant in 1923 was transferred to the concession of the German company Junkers. The main model series was light aircraft Yu-20 in transport and reconnaissance.

In 1925, recovered from the civil warthe economy has already allowed the production of aircraft technology on its own. The contract with the Junkers was canceled, and in 1927 the enterprise was reorganized into Plant No. 7 (a bit later in No. 22 named after the 10th anniversary of October). Since that moment the Khrunichev plant in Moscow has become the most advanced aircraft manufacturer in the country. In a short time, new workshops were built up, highly skilled personnel were trained.

The lineup

Before World War II, the enterprise produced a wide modela number of aviation equipment. The firstborn was an all-metal reconnaissance aircraft designed by Tupolev R-3 (ANT-3). By the spring of 1929 the plant produced 79 machines. Since 1928, I-4 (ANT-5) fighter planes and I-4 single-bombers (ANT-4), which were unique for that period, were assembled in parallel. In February 1932, a heavy bomber TB-3 (ANT-6) ascended to the sky.

On the P-6 (a smaller version of TB-1) for the first timeThe North Pole was surveyed before the landing of the Papanin expedition. In the late 30's, the front-line SB high-speed bomber (ANT-40) became the most massive, 5695 units were produced. Before the war, a successful model of the Pe-2 dive bomber was developed.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the plant named afterKhrunichev switched to the repair of damaged aircraft. Simultaneously, the outstanding designer Ilyushin designed the Il-4 (DB-3F), which became the main bomber and torpedo bomber. In 1942, Tupolev developed the Tu-2, which became the main model of the enterprise. By the end of the Second World War, 1,700 vehicles were produced.

In 1946 the plant was commissioned to master the production of Tupolev jet bombers of Tu-12 and Tu-14 models. Since 1949 the main products are strategic aircraft. Among them:

• "Flying Fortress" Tu-4 (1950);
• the bomber-carrier of nuclear weapons M-4 (1953);
• 3M (modification M-4 with improved engines) (1956);
• jet four-engine bomber M-50A (1959).

  

Rocket building

Deployment by the United States in the 1960sintercontinental ballistic missiles (more than 900 launchers) of the types "Titan-1", "Titan-2" and "Minuteman-1", capable of delivering nuclear charges to the territory of the USSR, required retaliatory measures. March 30, 1963 issued a decree on the construction of domestic ICBM UR-100 development Chelomey VN. at the plant. M.V. Khrunichev in Fili.

The missile complex UR-100 embodied a number ofnew scientific and technical and design decisions and in 1967 was adopted. In some years, the total number of UR-100 ICBMs and its modifications in the SMF group reached 1,000 units.

Rokot

By the early 90's there was a needthe construction of an economical light-weight missile. The Khrunichev plant was tasked with manufacturing carriers for launches of commercial space vehicles using the RS-18 strategic ballistic missiles that were removed from the arsenal, which were serially produced by the plant.

Start-up complex for a new carrier rocket,called "Rokot", it was proposed to create at the Plesetsk cosmodrome. The already existing infrastructure allowed using the main facilities and technological systems of the launch complex with minimal modifications.

Today's Day

The Khrunichev plant is the main siteFSUE "GKNPTs im. Khrunichev ", which includes a number of design bureaus and enterprises of the space industry. Proton rocket carriers became the hallmark of the plant. Here, too, several promising projects are being developed, the main one of which is the Angara heavy-duty missile family. The plant also assembles various spacecraft (SC), participates in international projects. Among them:

• Remote monitoring satellite "Monitor-E";
• small communication kiosk "Kazsat";
• the unified space platform "Yacht";
• "Express" spacecraft;
• telecommunication "Nimik";
• the Iridium communication system;
• Upper block for Indian partners 12KRB;
• part of the KSLV-1 missile system for South Korea.

Among the revolutionary projects is the development ofenvironmentally safe missile and space complex Baiterek. The Khrunichev plant has the following address: Moscow, 121087, Novozavodskaya street, 18.