Growing grapes in the middle band: fineness. Care for grapes in the middle band

Grapes are a plant that is thermophilic, well behavedfeels in the southern regions. Growing grapes in the middle belt is now quite possible. Grow grapes in more northern areas have been tried since the time of Peter. Michurin was the first to obtain varieties resistant to cold climate. They were the first two early and winter-resistant varieties of Amur and Baytur. These varieties are still popular with gardeners. In the Moscow region, they hibernate even without shelter.

Cultivation of grapes. Step-by-step instruction

For successful growing of grapes it is necessary:

1. Choose the desired variety.
2. Determine the landing site.
3. Prepare the ground for planting.
4. Construct supports for seedlings.
5. Plant the seedlings.
6. In hot summer watering is necessary.
7. The grapes need pruning.
8. Shelter for the winter.

Growing grapes in the middle belt inRecently, more and more interested in gardeners and gardeners. This is entirely possible, you only need to choose a suitable grade of early maturation. In general, care of grapes in the middle band is reduced to proper pruning, application of organic and mineral fertilizers, and to remove from the trellis and prepare the vine for winter is a matter of technology.

Choose a place for grapes

The successful choice of a place for grapes is alreadyhalf the success. This plant grows well in places open to the sun and well protected from the wind. In areas with a harsh climate, grapes are successfully grown at the fence or the walls of a house facing south-west or south. Places with stagnation of cold air for this plant are not suitable.

The soil for this southern plant should be well drained, and the reaction should approach neutral (pH 6.5-7.0). The site of the future vineyard is chosen, now we will start preparing the soil.

Soil preparation

Successful cultivation of grapes in the middle bandbegins with the preparation of the soil. These activities should be carried out 15-20 days before planting young seedlings. In order to reduce the acidity of the soil, lime is applied at a rate of 150-200 g per 1 sq. Km. m. of the landing area.

The soil at the site of the future vineyard is deepto dig out. Poor soil is crocked with decaying manure or compost. To do this, make one bucket of organic per 1 sq. Km. m. and necessarily add one of the complex mineral fertilizers, for example, superphosphate.

Support for grapes

On the site of the future vineyard you need to buildsupport for the vine. In the landing line after 2.5 meters, it is necessary to drive wooden posts 3 meters long. They are driven into the earth to a depth of 60 cm. A metal wire is stretched between the bars. The first is located at a height of 40 cm, then the distance between the wire is 30 cm. The grapevine will be fixed thereafter.

Planting of seedlings

Some subtleties of growing grapes inthe middle lane still exists. To begin with, you need to select a suitable early maturing variety. If in the southern regions grapes can be planted from October to March, then for the regions with colder climate (middle belt), the most suitable time for planting is early spring, before the leaves blossom (early May).

If the landing is carried out along the fence orwalls, the distance from it to the seedling should be at least 40 cm, and in the row between the plants the gap must be kept 1.2 m. In case of planting in an open place, the distance in the row is 1.5 m, between the grape rows - 2 m.

If the plants are vaccinated, the vaccine site atThe landing should be above the ground level. After the grapes are planted, it must be tied to a prepared support, it is abundant to water and cover the soil with humus or manure, so the moisture will last longer in the soil.

Another method for planting grapes isplanting of grapes on beds, the height of which is about 25 cm. The edges of the beds are strengthened with plastic bottles dug up in the ground. This way of planting allows the heat to flow more to the roots and thereby accelerate the ripening period of the crop.

Trimming

The task of pruning the vine bushes is tothe formation of a powerful fruiting bush. Crop annual shoots. The thinner the vine, the less it leaves the kidneys. So, for example, on an shoot with a diameter of 10 mm during autumn pruning, it is possible to leave as many as 10-11 kidneys, and only 5 buds are left on a shoot with a diameter of 5 mm.

In the spring, fruit bearingshoots this year. To grow grapes in the middle band was successful, it is better to trim it in two steps. The first pruning is carried out in autumn after fruiting, it consists in removing the unripened vine and too thin and damaged shoots. The second stage of pruning grapes is carried out in the early spring, after the winter covering material is removed. It also removes damaged and frozen shoots and makes a decision about the load, in accordance with this, pruning is carried out.

Shelter for the winter

In the late autumn, before the first frosts, the vinegrapes are removed from the trellis, pruned, the remains of leaves are removed, neatly tied and laid to the ground. The base of the bush needs to be high. If there is an inoculation, then the hilling should be done in such a way that it is completely hidden by the earth.

Next, before the onset of resistant frosts, the vine is harvested. The easiest way is to hide the lapnik. Grades specially prepared for the middle belt, sheltered in this way, perfectly winter.

Another way, widely practiced by gardeners,- use of non-woven covering material, for example, sugril. They are wrapped around the connected and laid down on the ground bushes of grapes, and on top covered with roofing material.

In the spring, when the snow melts, these shelters are removed and sanitized pruning of the vine bushes. Cut out excess weak shoots, frostbitten and broken vine.

Agrotechnics of grapes: cultivation of grapes in the middle band

Grapes are now grown in almost anyregion. Once again we will repeat everything about grapes in the central part of Russia. Agrotechnics of growing grapes in this area is reduced to a successful choice of a place for grapes, correct planting and care of the vine. The place should be chosen the sunniest on this site, in addition, there should not penetrate the cold northern winds, for this purpose set the screen or plant grapes along the southern wall of the house or fence.

When planting young grapes,that the bush on the given place will grow and bear fruit for many years, therefore it is necessary to concern to planting responsibly. A good drainage and nutrient soil should be placed in the planting pit. As drainage, use broken brick. If the soil is heavy, you need to add sand. The nutrient soil can consist of overgrown manure or humus, to which 200-250 g of superphosphate is necessarily added, this fertilizer is necessary for the future harvest.

If done correctly, young shrubsgrapes begin to bear fruit for the 3rd year. Further care consists in the competent formation of the bush and pruning. In a hot summer, grapes require watering about 5 times per season. Watering should be rare, but abundant.

To avoid freezing, even frost-resistant grape varieties in areas with cold winters should be sheltered.