Hanafi madhhab: founder, belief, sources of law

Mazhab in Islam is called the school of the Shariahrights. In the first centuries after the emergence of this very widespread religion now, many revered scholarly theologians were engaged in the life of the Prophet Muhammad and his disciples. On the basis of their labors, a large number of schools of practical application of the Quran and the Sunnah were subsequently created. Until now, not all of them have survived, of course.

At the moment in the Muslim world existsfour main madhhaba. Adherents of Islam believe that these teachings are the authentic Sunnah and the correct projection of the Qur'an on modern day-to-day practice. The most widespread in the world is the Hanafi madhhab. The followers of this teaching are the majority of Muslims.

Founder

Named this most common in IslamThe Mazhab named Azam Abu Hanifah. It is this austere and devout imam, revered by Muslims around the world, was his founder. Azabm Abu Hanif was born in the Sahaba era in Kufa. This city in those days was one of the most important educational, cultural and religious centers of the Caliphate. The Imam family was from Iran and was engaged in silk trade.

From a small age Azam Abu Hanif began to showinterest in various religious and philosophical teachings, then existing in Kufa. Growing up, he decided to completely abandon the trade in silk and devote himself entirely to science.

Learning fiqh

At first Azam Abu Hanif tookthe most active participation in various religious and philosophical debates between the Kharijites, the Mu'tazilites and representatives of other groups. Later he became interested in Muslim law (fiqh). First of all, he began to carefully study the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad and the verses (verses) of the Koran. At the same time Azam Abu Hanif set out to withdraw from the scriptures and systematize the legal prescriptions, giving them a scientific justification at the same time.

The study of fiqh, this Muslim philosopherwas engaged in a long time - about 28 years. Teachers of Islamic law at different times were Muslim theologians such as Amr ibn Jumahi, Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri, Hisham ibn Urva, and so on.

Hanafi madhhab: unlike other schools

The prevalence of this school in the Muslimthe world is primarily due to its flexibility. In addition to this popularization of the Hanafi madhhab, the detailed elaboration of issues relating to the Shariah also facilitated. At the moment, this is the most detailed religious and legal doctrine in the Muslim world.

In addition to Abu Hanifa himself, the foundersHanafi madhhab are considered his followers Muhammad ash-Shaibani and Abu Yusuf. These three esteemed philosophers-theologians managed to create the most speculative school, the next way not only strictly religious, but also purely rational conclusions.

Beliefs

If we put together all the books of the Hanafimazhaba, they will be more than the other three taken together. The overwhelming majority of Muslims of this school adopted maturitism as the doctrinal basis of faith. This philosophical Islamic current was formed in the 13th century and spread throughout the Ottoman rule.

The main distinguishing feature of maturidismis that his followers in questions about the "Being of God" are allowed to rely not only on revelations, but also on their own minds, of course, without falling into extremes. As for free will, in this respect the doctrines of the Jabrites are partly recognized. The latter believe that all human affairs are not created by them, but by God. However, in this case, unlike the completely defying the freedom of choice of a person of the Jabrites, the adherents of the Khanfit mazhab recognize the fact that Allah brings to life only what originally comes from the person himself. Simply put, according to the beliefs of the maturitites, people do their actions themselves, but only with the help of God's power.

Main sources of law

The representatives of the school, like the Hanafi madhhab, rely solely on the Sunnah and the Koran in their beliefs. In addition, the legal regulations of Abu Hanifa are based on such sources as:

• Kyyas. That is a judgment by analogy. Such a technique is used in Islam in case of need for clarity in the absence of direct indications in the Revelation of ways to solve a particular problem. In this case, pay attention to the analogy in the Qur'an.

• Ijama - the unity of the opinions of the philosophers-theologians of the past and the present.

• Orff - the use as an argument of the traditionally widespread in Islam opinions in the absence of precise instructions in the Revelation.

• Istikhsan. Applicable in the event that kyyas enters intocontradiction with ijama and orph. If the judgment by analogy is not appropriate, a legal prescription can be made with a refusal of the arguments of the Kyáyas.

Also clarity in various aspects of Sharia in this school can be made on the basis of statements by the disciples of the Prophet Muhammad.

Namaz on the Hanafi madhhab: conditions

The first prescription of Sharia (the pillar of Islam)is the utterance of the monotheistic formula and the recognition of the mission of the Prophet Muhammad, the second is Namaz. The order of prayers in Islam was formed in the form of imitation of the postures and movements of the Prophet Muhammad himself. The manner in which he performed the prayer was remembered by his disciples and the first Muslims. Subsequently, they handed the rules of prayer to other followers of Islam.

Representatives of an ancient school like the Hanafi madhhab perform Namaz with the observance of six conditions:

• ablution;

• cover of the body (in men - from the navel to the knees, in women - all except the face, feet and hands);

• appeal to the Qiblah (you need to stand facing the Kaaba);

• timeliness of commemoration;

• the intention to perform prayer is not formal, but for the sake of Allah;

• the beginning of the prayer with the words "Allahu Akbar".

The difference from the prayers of other schools

According to the regulations,God in Islam is laid five times a day. In principle, Namaz itself is performed in much the same way as in other schools. But there are some differences. So, for example, in the Hanafi school it is forbidden to combine those prayers that should be held at different times of the day, during the rain or on the road. There are only a few exceptions to this rule. During the Hajj, the Hanafis unite in some cases.

Peculiarities of the morning prayers

The first of the five prayers of the male adherents of thisschools are held when it becomes light enough to distinguish the surrounding things. This practice was once adopted, apparently with the aim of collecting more people in the mosque. Women spend the morning prayer usually in the dark.

Mazhab in Russia

In our country, most Muslimsbelong to the most widespread in Islam group of Sunnis. Such, for example, are the Bashkirs, Tatars, Kabradians, Circassians and some other peoples. According to researches of scientists, the Sunnis of the Hanafi madhhab appeared in Russia almost immediately after the Islamic testimony.

In addition to Hanafis, in our country there is onlypracticing Shafi'i. Basically, they come from the Caucasus, settled in Moscow, St. Petersburg and other major cities. Thus, the Hanafi and Shafi'i madhhabs are the only schools of sharia law in Russia.