Wastewater: cleaning methods

Everyone knows that humanity can not livewithout water. Millions of cubic meters of life-giving moisture are consumed daily, however, wastewater is not suitable for simple dumping into natural water bodies. Therefore, their preliminary cleaning and disinfection is necessary. This complex of measures forms a stable operation of the water supply system.

Sewage is waste water, andatmospheric runoff, whose characteristics deteriorated under the influence of human activity and which enter the reservoirs through the sewage system or by gravity.

The classification of wastewater has a fairly simple structure:

1. By chemical composition.

2. By place of education.

3. By the nature of the contamination.

Wastewater in chemical composition is divided intothree groups: organic (vegetation and products of its processing), mineral (clay, sand, insoluble salts) and biological (bacteria, fungi, viruses).

At the place of education, atmospheric anddomestic sewage. In addition, as mentioned earlier, the contamination can be of a different nature, for example, soluble, insoluble and colloidal substances.

By the degree of pollution, wastewaterare characterized by some generalized indicators, such as the chemical and biochemical oxygen demand, the number, the concentration of hydrogen ions, and also the suspended and settling substances and the dry residue.

There are several ways to cleanThe main ones are mechanical, chemical and biological methods. Each of them has its own peculiarities, however, the most common cases are when not one, but several methods are applied at once. This makes it possible to form a whole complex of treatment facilities. Let's consider each method in more detail.

Mechanical cleaning method

As a result of such treatment, wastewaterpass through a system of filters that trap and trap large particles. This stage is called rough cleaning. Next comes another filter system, which is designed to trap smaller particles. Then the water enters the special chambers where the clarification process takes place.

Chemical Cleaning

Because during use, wastewaterare exposed to all kinds of organic and inorganic substances and compounds, as well as other chemical reagents, then in order to discharge the waste water into a natural body of water, it is necessary to carry out the neutralization process. Similar measures are carried out on the basis of oxidation-reduction reactions. For example, if it is necessary to remove impurities caused by acid solutions, the wastewater is treated with alkalis, and vice versa.

Biological method

It means the purification of waste water fromvarious organic contaminants. The presented technique implies the presence of a special kind of bacteria, which, in turn, process organic compounds, which contributes to their decomposition and removal from purification systems. This method can take place when interacting with oxygen or without it. Hence, aerobic and anaerobic cleaning are distinguished.

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