Ecology is life

Ecology is a science that studies relationshipsliving organisms with each other and with their environment. The term was first used by E. Haeckel in 1866. To date, ecology is one of the most important natural sciences, having

great importance for the life of any modernrights. Nevertheless, this discipline still causes much controversy among scientists: the object of its study, its structure, the definition of the term "ecology" and many other issues are being discussed. The general conclusion that can be drawn from the set of existing points of view is the following: any studies carried out with the aim of studying the vital activity of living organisms in their natural habitat, establishing links between them and determining their influence on the environment, can be called ecological. We also note that it is wrong to say, for example, "bad natural ecology", because ecology is a science, and not a characteristic of the environment.

The object of study for the environment are largebiological systems: populations, biocenoses, ecosystems. The subject of the study is the development of these systems in time and space. Ecology is a science that seeks to solve a set of

various theoretical and practical problems, wewe shall single out the most important of them. So, the ecology tries to establish the laws by which the necessary resources for life activity are effectively distributed among the established biocenoses, and to learn how to manage these regularities in conditions of active human intervention in natural processes.

As noted above, ecology is a verycontradictory discipline, and its structure is also considered ambiguous: different scholars identify different areas of its study. Let us turn to the classification of the levels of organization of living matter studied by ecology.

1. Autoecology studies individuals, the organism level. Explores the limits of environmental conditions under which individuals can exist.
2. Demecology studies the population level. Explores the conditions under which populations and relationships are formed.
3. Eydecology studies species. At the moment it is the least relevant area of ​​ecology, as the interest of researchers switches from the population level to the biocenotic level, bypassing the species level.
4. Synecology studies the biocenotic level. Examines the formation, vital functions and dynamics of biocenosis.
5. Global ecology studies the biosphere. Explores the problems of the latter.

Based on the basic directions of ecologyformed a lot of new and more highly specialized. The newest departments of the ecology closely intertwine with other biological sciences, which leads to an increase in the effectiveness of research in all the areas involved.

Academician S.S. Schwartz said that ecology "becomes the theoretical basis for the behavior of a man in an industrial society in nature." According to this statement one can judge the significance of the science described by us. Today, ecology and nature management are studied in a number of universities in the territory of the Russian Federation.

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