Types of sports of the Summer Olympic Games. Modern Olympic Games - sports
The resumption of the Summer Olympic Games took place in1896 year. During this time, the list includes such names of Olympic sports as gymnastics, martial arts, water sports, equestrian sports, all-around, tennis, team games.
Badminton
This is perhaps one of the most popular speciessport. His homeland is Southeast Asia. For the first time the Summer Olympics included badminton on its list in 1972. Demonstration performances were held in Munich. Officially, this sport entered the Olympic program 20 years later in Barcelona. Since 1996, 5 sets of awards are being played: personal and pair in the men's and women's categories, as well as in mixed ranks. A single rank is 36 players, a pair is 32 and a mixed one is 16. The winner is the one who will score 30 points first (with the score 29:29) or 22 (with the score 20:20). In total in the match 3 games, the winner must win 2.
Basketball
The sports of the Summer Olympic Games includemen's (since 1936) and women's (since 1976) basketball. Increased attention to the Olympic basketball tournaments was noted when NBA players began to participate in the tournament. In the Olympic tournaments are 12 teams, divided into 2 groups. In the quarterfinals come out on 4 teams, which are eliminated by the elimination system.
Baseball
This team game appeared in the beginning of the 19thcentury in the US, but for the first time the Summer Olympics included it in its lists only in 1992. The aim of teams (and there are two of them) is a set of glasses. The game uses a ball and a bat. One player throws the ball, and the second one beats him. If the slugger manages to run all the bases located in the corners of the field, the team counts a point.
Boxing
In the list of Olympic sports since 1904male boxing is included, and in 2012 this honor is awarded to women. To date, medals are played out among the boxers in 11 weight categories. For the entire period of the Olympic Games, boxers from the USA (48), from Cuba (32) and from Russia (20) received the greatest number of medals.
Fight
Greco-Roman wrestling replenishes sports of summerThe Olympic Games since their revival in 1896. It was not on the lists only in 1900. These competitions are held only among men. Athletes are divided into seven weight categories. A feature of the struggle is the prohibition of seizure below the belt, undercuts and footboard. All actions occur with the use of hands and torso. Since 1904, the Summer Olympics includes a free-style wrestling in which footrests, sweeps and other techniques are allowed. Since 2004, women have taken part in these competitions. In total, 11 sets of awards are awarded for free wrestling: in 4 weight categories for women and 7 for men.
Cycling
Bicycle sports of the Summer Olympic Games -it's a cycle track, a cycling track, a BMX and a mountain bike. The cycling track was first included in the program in 1896, and the second time it appeared only in 1912. Women's competitions were held for the first time in 1988. The cycling track includes an individual pursuit race, a sprint, a madison and a race on points.
- Olympic sprint - teams of 3 people participate in distances of 750 meters, in which only the last 200 meters are time-clocked.
- Persecution race - men's distance - 4 km, women's - 3 km.
- Race on points - men's distance - 40 km, women - 25 km.
- Madison - exclusively male team (2 people) competition at 60 km.
- Keirin - race for 5 ½ circles of 250 m.
A bicycle highway is a group women's (120 km) orMen's (239 km) race, which starts with a general start. Team members have the right to help each other in terms of repair. In the individual race, the competitors start with an interval of 90 seconds and can not help other sportsmen. BMH was first included in the list of the Olympic Games in 2008. Participants, using maneuverable bicycles, cross the terrain, which is covered with bushes.
Water polo
Men's water polo is one of the permanent sports. So, the first competitions were held at the Olympics since 1900, but women's teams began to participate only in 2000.
Two teams of seven players take part in the match (along with the goalkeeper), and six players are on the bench. The game consists of four periods of eight minutes each.
Volleyball
Volleyball first appeared at the Olympics in 1924year as an entertainment show. But in the program it was included in 1964. Two teams of 6 people play 3 games of 25 points each. At the same time, the gap must be at least 2 points, otherwise the lot is considered incomplete. Tie-break (5th game) is played out to 15 points. The game provides technical time-outs for 60 seconds and two additional 30 seconds.
Beach volleyball is included in the modern Olympicgames. Kinds of sport are different between each other (the name speaks for itself) and some conditions. For example, a game is considered won if there are 15 points from one of the teams.
Handball
Handball is a team game, and as a male game,both female and female. She debuted at the Olympics in 1936. The game consists of two matches for 30 minutes. The duration of the break is 10 minutes. The team consists of 14 people (7 on the field and 7 on the bench).
Gymnastics
Sports and artistic gymnastics - typessports of the Summer Olympic Games, which appeared on the list since the revival of these competitions. In 1896 she debuted sports men's gymnastics, in 1928 - female. At the moment, among the athletes are medals for team participation and in individual all-around, as well as for each projectile separately. Artistic gymnasts for the first time took part in competitions in 1984. What pleased the fans of the Olympics? Rhythmic gymnastics is widely known for its amazing pirouettes.
Rowing
What are the Olympic sports associated with rowing? The list includes the following:
- Rowing (when athletesare divided into two teams, each row with one oar) and a steam room (each participant has two paddles). The race takes place on a direct route with a duration of 2000 m.
- Canoeing for men and women, for different distances in singles, deuces and fours.
- Rowing slalom - races on a rough stream through a special gate.
Judo
Judo belongs to one of the most popularmartial arts. It has been on the list of Olympic sports since 1964. Competitions among women were first held in 1992. The main goal of the participants is to keep the balance and make an opponent's throw.
Horseback Riding
This is an "aristocratic" discipline, it is includedin the Olympics since 1900. Varieties of competitions in this sport are constantly changing, but now the medals are awarded for individual and team participation in jumping, eventing and departure.
Athletics
One of the most extensive sportsAthletics is considered. The Olympics provides for as many as 47 sets of medals. Types of competitions in athletics are classified relative to the venue:
- On track and field athletics track.
- Inside the track and field athletics core.
- Outside the stadium.
Sailing
This sport is one of the mostcomplex in technology execution. For participation in the competition, 11 sets of awards are provided. At the moment, to replace the old classic ships came more modern and lightweight.
Swimming
Swimming was included in the Olympics in 1912. Competitions in this sport are held in several stages. There are the following varieties: free style, on the back, butterfly, complex swimming, relay race.
Diving
This is a kind of water sports,providing for jumping from a tower or a springboard (located at different heights). For the first time in 1904 at the Olympics were presented single jumps, and in 2000 - synchronous.
Jumping on the trampoline
Included in the Olympic sports since 2000, their essence is to perform three exercises of ten elements. To date, a set of men's and women's medals is being played at the Olympics.
Synchronized swimming
Synchronous swimming is rightly called one of thethe most sophisticated sports. Its basis is the execution of various figures in the water to the music. The water ballet (originally this kind of sport was called that way) debuted in 1984 in the form of singles and doubles performances. Synchronized swimming is an exclusively female sport, consisting of a technical and a long program.
Modern Pentathlon
Modern pentathlon includes the followingOlympic sports (photos of competing athletes you can see in the article): shooting, fencing, swimming, riding, running. For the first time pentathlon was presented in 1912, initially medals were played only among men. Since 1996, women have also participated in this kind of competition.
Shooting
To hit the target use a gunshot andAirguns. This sport has been included in the Olympics since 1896. Both men and women compete. For today shooting is divided into bullet and bench. The first is made from a firearm (25 and 50 meters) and pneumatic (10 meters) weapons. Men make 60 shots, women - 40. There are also different provisions: lying, standing and from the knee. Competitions on bench shooting occur at open shooting ranges. Used smooth-bore weapons to hit the flying target-plates. The competition includes a round and trench stand and a double gangway.
Archery
Used two types of weapons - block andOlympic bow. The participants of the competition fall into stationary targets from a distance of 70 meters. For the first time this sport was included in the Olympic Games in 1900. Both men and women take part in the competition, as well as team and individual shooting.
Tennis
To date, the Olympics includes a large andtable tennis. The first made its debut in 1896, then it was ruled out, and since 1988 the decision of the IOC was reintroduced in the lists of Olympic sports. Table tennis has its roots in the 19th century, but it only came to the Olympics in 1988. Men and women take part in the competition. The duel winner is the one who collects more points. The competitions consist of seven parties, each of which is brought to 11 points.
Triathlon
This is one of the most difficult types of competition. It includes swimming, biking and running. Trails for men and women are the same, all races occur in one day. Women start before men: when running - for 30 minutes, when riding a bicycle - for 60 minutes, when swimming - for 20 minutes.
Taekwondo
Another young (from 2000), butProgressive sport, included in the Olympics. During the competition, not only the ability to conduct a contact fight, but also the breaking of objects by hand and foot in a jump is assessed. The limbs and heads of the participants are protected. During a sparring, blows below the belt are prohibited. The winner is the participant who scored more points on technical methods.
Weightlifting
In 1896 the list of power sportssupplemented with weightlifting. The essence of the competition is lifting weights. A jerk and a jerk are the basis for lifting the bar. Each participant has the right to three attempts. Weightlifting is part of the biathlon. Since 2000, women have taken part in competitions. There are 8 weight categories for men, 7 for women.
Fencing
Fencing refers exclusively toindividual sport. It has been included in the Olympics since 1924. Women and men compete. Weapons for competitions can be rapier, saber and sword. The battle itself is conducted on a track 2 meters wide and 14 meters long, made of electrically conductive material. The points are calculated as follows:
- The saber is an injection and a blow, as this is not only a stabbing but also a cutting weapon.
- Rapier - injections, produced at any point of the body, except the occiput.
- Sword - any inflicted an injection.
During fencing, swords are scored at the same time. And when using a rapier - only inflicted during the attack.
Football
What makes men happy with the Olympics? Football - this is, perhaps, just such a game, which forces millions of representatives of the stronger sex to gather at the screens. In 1996, women's football was added. At the very beginning of the development of the Olympic Games, professional clubs were prohibited from participating in competitions. At the dawn of the 20th century, the leading football team was the UK team. It was she who won prizes for several Games in a row. Represented the UK amateur national team of England. In its composition, strangely enough, there were football players-professionals. 1932 was marked by the fact that football was excluded from the list of Olympic sports. There were two reasons for this. First of all, it was believed that football was not interesting for US residents (and the Olympics-1932 was planned there). Secondly, the Federation of FIFA did not want this promising sport to be in the shadow of such a world-famous action as the Olympics.
Football was restored in the lists in 1936. In view of the fact that the athletes quickly reached a high professional level, FIFA allowed to participate in the Olympics to professional players. Only those who did not take part in the world championships remained under the ban. In 1992, there were age limits: the team should not have more than 3 players, whose age exceeds 23 years.
Field hockey
It's a hybrid of football and hockey. In the competitions are 2 teams of 16 people. The game is two halves of 35 minutes with a break between them in 10 minutes. Until 1980, only men participated in the competition, now there are also women's teams.
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