Methods of water treatment

Water is the foundation of life on our planet. This substance is very common on Earth and is truly unique. Life has come from water, in all organisms it is the environment in which the chemical reactions necessary for existence take place. Also this substance itself becomes a participant in some biological processes.

In nature, there is absolutely no pure water. It contains various impurities that enter it from the environment. In rivers and reservoirs the value of dissolved substances is up to 0.1%, and in seas and oceans - 3.5%.

In order for this vital substancehas become suitable for use, there are various methods of water treatment. The main one is filtration through the layers of any porous substance, which can serve as coal, calcined clay, gravel or sand, which allows you to get rid of suspended particles and the bulk of bacteria.

In order for water from rivers or lakes to fall intowater network, it is brought to the required quality. This process takes place at treatment facilities. The removal of suspended particles, allowing to clarify and discolor the substance, is called coagulation. Under the influence of special reagents, which can serve as substances of mineral origin, and polymers, there is coalescence of solid impurities in the form of flakes. Then the water settles, and then it is further filtered. The disinfection process is carried out by the addition of chlorine in the form of lime. Also it can be in a liquid state. In addition, ozone can be used.

Modern methods of water purification allowto disinfect from underground sources with the help of ultraviolet rays. Fluorine, the presence of which exceeds the standards, is displayed by filters containing activated alumina.

Methods of water purification allow you to get rid ofradioactive particles. To do this, deactivate. To remove impurities that impart an unnecessary color and odor, perform deodorization. This process is carried out by oxidation with ozone, potassium permanganate or chlorine dioxide. Also, sorption with activated carbon is possible.

Modern industry produces variousdevices that allow, using tap water, to get a better product. These include filters having one cleaning stage. They are issued in the form of nozzles on a water tap or jugs. Their purpose is to cleanse chlorine and various mechanical impurities. The methods of purification of drinking water, in which such devices are used, are based on the retention of suspended particles in the filter element. However, the resource of the replaceable substance is extremely small. It averages 400 liters.

Methods of water purification two-, and alsothree-stage filters allow you to get rid of iron, pesticides, chlorine, mechanical impurities, as well as hard salts. The cartridges contained in such devices produce several cycles of tap water to the required quality. At the first stage, mechanical cleaning is carried out, on the second stage - cleaning with activated carbon. When using three-stage filters, ion-exchange resin or activated carbon is additionally used, which is enriched with various additives.

The most high-quality cleaning in household conditionscan be achieved using reverse osmosis. It allows you to rid the water of nitrites and arsenic, asbestos and fluorine, iron and chlorine, all viruses and bacteria, magnesium and mercury, as well as nitrates. Such filters consist of mineralizers, ultraviolet lamps. These devices have high performance, in addition, they are compact, which is quite important when used at home.

Methods of water purification using membranefilters, allow to remove the smallest suspended particles, as well as manganese, arsenic, mercury, iron, salts of heavy metals. Eliminate such devices and from bacteria and viruses.