Forklift trucks - a universal tool for placing goods in the warehouse

Forklifts - special warehouse transport floor type. It is intended for moving, stacking and system packing of various cargoes, goods and materials.

Varieties

Forklift trucks are amechanical multi-purpose tool. They are divided into two main categories according to the applied engines, diesel and electric. Also there are forklifts with petrol engines, but they try not to use them because of the high cost of fuel, which is consumed in significant quantities when the truck is used.

Benefits

Usually forklifts are used in closedwarehouses. This is usually a machine with electric traction. Forklift diesel forklift is used in open areas, since exhaust gases are harmful to others. Well-ventilated closed-type warehouses allow the use of one or two diesel engines, provided that the propeller hoods have time to purify the air in the premises.

Working capacity

Forklift diesel forklift is widely usedfor moving loads under the open sky, where there are no more powerful lifts, cranes or other mechanisms. Exclusive mobility makes the forklift an indispensable assistant in the storage of goods and goods. In addition, these machines can work non-stop, it is enough to change the operator, and for the unit with an electric drive it is also necessary to recharge.

A bit of history

Forklift trucks appeared in the late twentiesyears of the last century. These were lifting mechanisms of semi-handicraft production, which worked only with the active participation of a person. Gradually, the units were modernized, serial production began in some places, and before World War II the industrial output of mobile lifts in the USA and Germany was already set.

Forklift: characteristics

The lifting mechanism operates according to the principleMovement of the coupling along a rotating rod with modular thread. The frame of the loader includes two screw shafts, which raise and lower forks in the range from 0 to 3 meters. The lifting mechanism can be tilted within 12 degrees, if the loading specifics dictate. Behind the elevator there is a control panel, a steering wheel and an operator's seat. Next is a power plant, a diesel engine or batteries.

The most advanced models of the loader are equippedand batteries, and diesel. Such an aggregate can work both indoors and outdoors. The running gear of a forklift truck is, as a rule, pneumatic wheels with a rotary mechanism of zero operating radius. That is, the machine can rotate almost in place. This gives exceptional room for maneuver, which is a good advantage in the tight conditions of storage space.

Additional devices

For greater convenience, various tools are attached to the loaders, which increase their productivity. These are the following mechanisms:

• capture of the oversized cargo and then pushing it along the inclined plane;
• Special gripper with radial paws for transportation of rolls, barrels and logs;
• special device, positioning forks;
• fork with rotation function;
• special device for lateral displacement of forks.

Leading manufacturers

Forklift trucks are produced in severalcountries, but the most successful company for the production of lifts is Toyota, whose annual turnover is more than five million dollars. Following it are the Japanese concerns "Mitsubishi", "Komatsu" and "Nissan". The competition to Japanese manufacturers is made by the Finnish company Cargotec, as well as American Nacco Industries and Crown, located in Ohio.

The world leader is the forklift"Toyota" 4FD-240, the carrying capacity of which is 24 tons. The range of the lift is from zero to three meters. The cost of the car is 9 240 000 rubles. Forklift, the price of which is expressed in seven-digit figures, is one of the most expensive auxiliary machinery in the industry.

Classification

All lifting devices with a capacity of more than 60 liters. from. classified in ITA format:

• first class - electric forklift;
• the second class is a technique that works in tunnels and narrow aisles;
• the third class - stackers and electric cars;
• class four - loaders with diesel or gasoline engine and cast tires;
• fifth class - with diesel engine and pneumatic tires;
• class six - conveyors with a rise of up to two meters;
• the seventh class - off-road cars, working in difficult conditions, on sites without a firm covering.

Types of mast equipment

Frame lifts are of four types:

• with a two-section mast, without independent fork movement, DLFL index;
• with a two-section mast, with free forks, index DFFL;
• with three-section mast TFFL, having independent movement of forks;
• Wagon version with a folding mast, which in a compact position does not exceed 2200 meters in length.

Wheels and tires

Forklifts are equipped with wheels and tires of several types:

• To work on the concrete floor in closed warehouses tires made of cast rubber are used;
• on open areas tires of increased wear resistance from polyurethane are used;
• on complex, relief or icy surfaces, pneumatic tires with a tread are used;
• for work on wooden floors, bandage tires, a thin layer of rubber on steel disks are used.