Features and types of national tourism

Tourism is a wonderful way of active orpassive (depending on the desire of a particular person) rest. On the world wide there are many interesting places with beautiful landscapes and unique monuments. Africa, America, South-West Asia with its history, culture, features of the national cuisine represent a lot of opportunities for vivid impressions.

One National Tourism OrganizationKorea - a small country in Asia - presents various options for wonderful tourism. In a significant number of countries (France, Italy, Slovakia) tourism brings a lot of money, and in some (for example, in the well-known to all Russians, Egypt, Thailand) and does occupy a leading place in the economy. On a global scale, these are tens of billions of dollars, hundreds of millions of jobs. Knowingly in the world community, a significant role is played by national and international tourism organizations.

Tourism in Russia

Great tourist potential these daysthe Russian Federation also has it: it is distinguished by an advantageous geographical position, vast expanses on the territory of Europe and Asia, serious opportunities in the historical and cultural sphere. In our country there are a number of monuments of the UNESCO World Heritage. To some regret, while this tourist potential is not fully used. Although some efforts are being made. So, in recent years, the National Award of Event Tourism "Russian Event Awards" has appeared.

National tourism, as a rule, in the majoritycountries, as in ours, includes internal (on the territory of the state) and outbound tourism, which formally falls within the categories of national production.

In general, tourism within a countrycombines domestic (domestic citizens) and entry (foreigners) tourism. These flows correspond to the aggregate overall tourist income, i. total income from domestic and foreign travelers.

Classification of tourism

Form the structure of international andnational tourism can be on absolutely different grounds, the main of which include the following: the purpose of the trip, seasonal fluctuations, territorial limits, personal requirements of tourists, financial potential. It is possible to make such classifications even more fractional, nevertheless, in any form they are often rather conditional, as it is not always possible to distinguish clearly the marked features.

Among theorists and practitioners there is no general approach tosectoral structure of tourism, but the vast majority of them distinguish travel for recreation and entertainment, business business tourism, religious tourism for travel to world shrines, health-improving trips for health correction, event tourism and so on.

Recreation and entertainment

Travel for recreation and entertainment is veryThey are popular and form the basis of world tourism. According to official data, they make up about 70% of all trips, and, in turn, are divided into areas: health-improving, cognitive (in interesting places), amateur (according to tastes and interests), sports, etc. Russian national tourism is also in based on this kind of tourism.

And in the past, and at the present stage, and, most likely, in the future, increased demand will be made for trips to warm countries, to the sun and the sea.

Traveling to the water, to sandy beaches,traditionally stand out as the best ways to relieve mental and physical stress, restore strength and energy. However, health tourism is undergoing considerable changes: fashion for seaside health resorts and resorts is going away, tourist destinations are changing, there is an increasing interest in tours to the mountains and travels full of adventures and dangers, that is, to the so-called extreme.

An obligatory part of any holiday will beacquaintance with historical and cultural monuments, major theaters, famous museums in order to obtain information about the culture, outstanding events of history. Many tourists visit famous religious places, get an idea of ​​the traditions and way of life of local people.

The most complete knowledge of the different features of regionalvariants of human civilization comes as a result of direct contacts with local civilizations, which are due to the development of tourism. Presenting the volumes and available frames of cognitive tourism, a considerable part of scientists consider it to be one of the leading sub-sectors of tourism.

Event tourism

Today, gradually increasing popularityreceive unique tours that combine traditional easy rest and participation in the most spectacular events. Event-based tourism of our days is the original events and holidays, individual conditions of rest and indelible impressions that remain in the memory for many years. The main feature of event tourism is a large number of brightest moments. This is a promising and rapidly developing form of travel. The national tourism organization in our country also focuses on this direction.

Ordinary customers of event tourism are wealthy people with an income level above the average, as well as small companies that combine several couples.

Such tourism can be sorted according to the scale of the event and in the direction. In foreign event tourism it is necessary to note a number of thematic areas. Among them are the following:

• national thematic festivals and merry holidays;
• theatrical, costume, ice shows;
• multilevel festivals of cinema and theater;
• gastronomic national festivals.

All these events are popular and massive, constantly increasing the scale of activities that affect the economy and culture in large volumes.

National Association of Event Tourism

Eventive tourism in our country receives allgreat popularity and serves as a strong catalyst for the development of tourism opportunities in the country. Hence the urgent need for the formation of the National Association of Event Tourism. Of course, there were long disputes, different positions were formed. But in the end it became clear that the emergence of this organization is dictated by the existing situation. In 2014, in the process of broad discussions and heated negotiations within the framework of the activities and delivery of the National Award of the Russian Event Awards, the organization NAST was created. On March 15, the constituent assembly of the National Association of Event Tourism was formed within the framework of the X International Tourism Exhibition "Inturmarket".

The organization's main goal is to create a commoncommunication base for Russian professionals in the field of event tourism. NAST is an industry union that is called upon to lobby the circle of interests of participants in the field of event tourism in all circles of government bodies, to develop event tourism among specialists and the general public, and to form professional standards for event events.

Business tourism

Business tourism means traveling withservice purposes without obtaining income in the final place of business trip. The difference in traveling to rest and for entertainment is that the decision on the official journey, sources and amounts of funding is usually not taken by the travelers themselves, but by other persons-representatives of the administration, the authorities, etc.

To business tourism, international organizationsalso include visits for congresses, scientific and cultural congresses and conferences, industrial seminars and meetings, various types of fairs, economic exhibitions and trips for other official purposes.

In the professional literature business tourismis often divided into business trips, congress-exhibition trips and incentive tourism - trips by which the company encourages its employees for good performance in work.

Of course, it is possible to encourage productive work inmonetary form, but, as it happens in practice, including in financial companies, at business enterprises that created a branched intermediary grid, a tourist trip is of interest to employees much more. The difference between such tourism and mass tours is that incentive programs are created for a specific corporate client, and usually travel agencies offer high-class accommodation and high-quality service on the way to the final destination. And even in the aggregate tourist flow, particularly in such European countries as Spain or France, "premium" customers gain only 5-7%, the share of incentives in obtaining funds from tourism is much greater. This is due to the greater value of incentive programs in comparison with typical tourist tours.

Health-improving tourism

It is aimed at using naturalmedical riches and physiotherapeutic possibilities used for the purpose of health promotion. Natural healing sources include: mineral cold and hot water, curative natural mud, favorable climatic features, picturesque landscapes, forests, forest park plantations, alpine meadows, areas used for natural kumisolecheniya, brine saline estuaries and lakes, coastal territory of the seas and large reservoirs.

Medical tourism trips involve the following: treatment by various weather factors, healing by various mineral waters, mud treatment, swimming, etc.

Medical tours are usually very specialized. In the period of such a journey, you can suspend the course of the disease and even completely get rid of the disease. This refers to visits to popular clinical centers, whose specialists use both classical and best non-traditional methods of treatment, as well as balneological and mud resorts.

Promotion of outstanding projects and figures

The desire to develop national tourismis realized in different ways. In Russia, in 2012, the National Award of Event Tourism was established as the final industry award, which is awarded as a result of a large competition of projects for outstanding achievements in the development of the Russian event tourism industry.

The scope of this competition is increasinglyincreases. In 2012, one hundred and fourteen projects from thirty-nine different cities of Russia were presented for awarding. In the final of the contest there were more than thirty projects. The ceremony was organized in Voronezh.

Next year, 2013, for the awarding ceremonyThe national prize in the field of event tourism was put forward two hundred and thirty-two projects from ninety-three large and small settlements of Russia. The authors of the seventy-three tourism projects from thirty-eight cities and villages of various regions showed their presentations in the final of the award. Authors from twenty cities of Russia managed to win in this competition. The final and awarding of the national award in the field of tourism were organized in Vladimir and Suzdal.

In 2014 nearly five hundred bright works from one hundred and ninety-six cities and villages, totaling seventy-two regions of the whole country, were nominated for the National Prize contest. To show in the finals were taken one hundred and eleven projects from seventy-two settlements, representing forty-two Russian regions. The finale of the award was organized in Kirov.

In 2015 At the competition there were already almost seven hundred projects from 353 settlements representing seventy Russian regions. In the finale of the contest came out just over a hundred of the best works from 36 regions of Russia. Solemn closing was held in Kazan.

In 2016, there were already seven hundred two projects fromalmost seventy Russian regions. In the final, presentations were made of 169 projects from forty-one regions of the country. The final of the contest took place in Yaroslavl

Finally, in the current year 2017to realize several regional competitions in a number of cities of our country. The all-Russian final of the National Award in the field of tourism will be held in October in Lipetsk. Only in the Far East and Siberian districts were presented more than a hundred projects.

The leading organization of tourism in our country

The development of national tourism in Russiamodern stage required the creation of a special state organization that could control and, if necessary, limit tourist flows. As part of Rosturizm's order of March 20, 2014, the federal state unitary enterprise "National Corporation for the Development of Tourism" appeared. What does this organization do today?

The main direction of the new enterprise's activity was the assistance and organization of activities aimed at the overall development and improvement of the functioning of the tourism sector in our country.

Now the organization is carrying out intensive work on the implementation of tourist projects in the Crimea. In addition, it does much to promote federal targeted programs in the field of tourism.

Unlike the previous organization, on the basis of whicha corporation was established, it is engaged not only in carrying out restoration work and restoring famous monuments, objects of cultural and historical heritage, as it was before, but also with tourism itself. This is its radical difference from its predecessor.

National Academy of Tourism of the Russian Federation. History of occurrence

The National Academy of Tourism of the Russian FederationThe Federation was established at the very end of the last century - in 1999. The functioning of this organization was immediately aimed at helping the stable development of tourism in our country, coordinating the activities of scientific and practical workers of public and private tourism organizations to form scientifically substantiated comprehensive programs for the modernization of tourism, hotel and sanatorium facilities; to improve the skills of Russians engaged in the tourism industry, the development of the historical and cultural heritage of Russia.

NAT includes almost eight hundred academicians from fortyregions of the country, there are eleven interregional associations. Annual general meetings and regularly held events are aimed at addressing the burning problems of modernization of domestic and outbound tourism in modern Russia. In this respect, the Academy plays the role of a national tourism center.

Printed "The Herald of Tourism"

In recent years, throughout the world as a whole and in Russiain particular, tourism is developing rapidly. And it's not surprising - a lot of financial resources are directed to this sphere. Information support is also developing. In particular, this is the "Herald of National Tourism" NAT.

The Russian scientific journal has been published since 2006. The frequency of exit is four times a year. The publication is published once a quarter.

The "Bulletin" publishes the results of scientific research andthe experience gained in carrying out various activities in the tourism field and related areas, implemented from the positions of economy, business, pedagogy and psychology, cultural studies and history, geography. The factors of the theory and practice of development of the tourist industry and tourism education are considered.

The main goal of the magazine is to constantlytheir readers information on the development of tourism science and the functioning of scientific bodies, to establish strong ties with scientists working on scientific works in the field of tourism and related fields, to bring together a geographically divided audience, thus creating a common professional brotherhood that helps to reveal the most pressing problems tourism and the consolidation of scientific research.

The magazine pays attention to such areas as:

• the most important methodological factors of modernization of the tourism sector;
• economic aspects of the formation of the tourism sector;
• foreign tourism;
• regional domestic tourism;
• training of qualified specialists;
• theory and practice of tourism-related areas of activity.

Current ratings

In the spring of 2017 The National Association of Event Tourism (NAST) is creating a new complete project to achieve the following goal: to increase the level of development of event tourism in the regions of our country. For this purpose the National rating of the development of event tourism was developed.

In contrast to those already in modern Russiaprograms comparing the tourist attractiveness of the country's regions, often based on opaque criteria, this rating will be based on an assessment of the possibilities of event tourism in a certain region of the country and have a transparent criteria structure.

National rating of event tourism will givethe opportunity not only to identify the most promising regions, but also to create a system of rough estimates that allows the governing structures of the subjects of the country to have an idea of ​​the attractiveness of the regions, both existing and potential, in order to determine the ways and rates of development of event tourism.

Already in the first months of the new rating, a high interest of most regions in the existence of an objective evaluation system was revealed.