Aircraft IL 62M: technical specifications, history and photos

If the transport system is the blood of any economypeace, then passenger transportation can be called a "plasma" of this very blood. The better, faster and more qualitatively the state is able to move people across its territory, the less "bear angles" it remains, the easier it is to establish the interaction of the entire state apparatus. Perfectly understood this in the USSR. The result of the work of many design bureaus was the IL 62M.

A breakthrough passenger airplane at that time proved that Soviet industry is capable not only of producing military equipment on an impressive scale.

Main characteristics

The aircraft is characterized by a rear locationengines and a special suspension design. It was developed in the legendary OKB named after Ilyushin and subsequently patented in nine countries. These included the United Kingdom, Italy, France, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Japan. It is not surprising that IL 62M became so famous, the star on the fuselage was a kind of guarantee of high quality.

The machine is very rationaldistribution of masses, so that its mass is almost identical to aircraft with engines under the wing. A distinctive feature of the IL 62M, whose characteristics we are considering, is an unusual, stepped realization of the leading edges of the wings (in the form of a beak). This allowed the aircraft to provide excellent stability, including critical angles of attack. The wing was also manufactured using the latest caisson technology, which involves cheap pressing. This allowed not only to facilitate, but also significantly strengthen the entire structure.

The plumage is made according to the T-shaped scheme, andits weight and size characteristics are significantly less than almost all analogues. Despite some drawbacks of this approach, this implementation allowed to improve the manageability and reliability of the new machine several times, the design of which removed unnecessarily cumbersome and not always reliable solutions.

Fuel tanks are located at full swingwing, including the center wing. The IL 62M aircraft is unique even if it allows to take off at one failed engine. To fly and sit down the car can, in general having two refused the motor. Multiple redundancy of all systems, borrowed from space and military equipment, can improve the reliability of the entire avionics order.

Reasons for developing a new machine

The growth of passenger and cargo transportation in the USSRaccounts for the second half of the 50-ies, when the aircraft began to operate with gas turbine propulsion systems. These machines allowed to transport a large quantity of cargo at one time, and this could be done in the shortest possible time. This was the reason that from 1950 to 1959, the volumes of these cargo transportation grew tenfold.

Not surprisingly, economists and specialistscivil aviation almost immediately received an order in the shortest possible time to create a cheap and unpretentious aircraft that allows carrying out the transportation of people and goods within the territory of the whole Union.

Successes of Ilyushin Design Bureau

Only Ilyushin's KB had already beensufficient experience and resources, and therefore it was his specialists who were the first to start designing a new type of aircraft. Already in 1960, Ilyushin himself turned to the government of the USSR with a proposal to create a machine, which later will be named IL 62M. It was supposed to equip the aircraft with engines RD-23-600, the development of which was conducted under the guidance of the talented SK. Tumansky.

Assumed characteristics

At first the designers assumed that the aircraftcan transport from 50 to 150 passengers. The range was planned to be "placed" within the limits of 4500-8500 km. Engineers wanted to place the designers in the tail part. In general, the IL-18M prototype was based on the Il-18 concept. Also as an inspiration was the French car "Caravelle" with its arrangement of stabilizers at half the height of the keel.

Since even the supposed concept of the futureIL 62M was well worked out, the Council of Ministers of the USSR quickly adopted this proposal. The decision presupposed the development of an aircraft that could fly a distance of at least 4,500 km in the economy class, while having 165 passenger seats. It was also envisaged to create a "luxury" car of the first class. Its flight range was already 6700 km and 100 ... 125 seats for passengers, respectively. At the same time, the OKB under the leadership of Kuznetsov was charged with creating a new NK-8 engine.

Layout Features

For the first time in the history of the entire Sovietaircraft scheme was chosen with a tail arrangement of the engine. This was not done accidentally. The fact is that as a result of using such a design solution it was possible to get a "clean" wing, which had excellent aerodynamics. These characteristics were vital for the aircraft, which was supposed to be released even to long-distance highways of the country's air routes.

In addition, such a scheme involved mountingmore reliable and simple mechanization of the wing. Given that the engines were located at a significant distance from the tanks, the safety of passengers increased dramatically, if for some reason a fire occurred. In addition, which is also extremely important in conditions of long flights, the noise level in the passenger compartment was significantly reduced, and the negative impact on the design of the aircraft of the outgoing jet formed by extremely high-temperature gases was reduced to almost zero.

Since the power plants were locatedmaximally close to the longitudinal axis of the fuselage, it was possible to minimize the extremely dangerous yaw effect that occurred when one of the motors failed. Finally, the same scheme assumed the rejection of an excessively large tail unit, which allowed to significantly reduce the total mass of the machine (in theory).

Today we can say with confidence thatthe creation of passenger aircraft TU - not least the merit of the OKB named after Ilyushin. It was the specialists of this design bureau that for the first time in domestic aircraft construction not only embodied a new concept of development in metal, but also brought it to perfection.

Disadvantages of the new layout

But there was a variant with a tail arrangementengine and disadvantages, some of which were quite significant. First, the weight of the aircraft eventually increased, since it was necessary to further strengthen the entire tail section. In addition, the wings are no longer unloaded by the engines (they allow to reduce the stresses in the material).

Secondly, because of the location of motors so far away,it was necessary to extend considerably all the fuel equipment, which adversely affected the overall reliability of the structure. Finally, due to the "pulling" of the engines on the tail, the entire alignment of the aircraft changed drastically, which also caused many problems for both designers and pilots who exploited this aircraft.

Why was this scheme adopted?

It's all about comparing the positive andnegative moments. When the engineers examined in detail the outline diagrams of the IL 62M, the characteristics of which were breakthrough for their time, they nevertheless made a positive decision to launch a version with rear positioning of motors. It is fair to say that this happened after a heated debate. And experts can understand: in order to implement this scheme, it was necessary to solve many of the most complicated questions on the layout.

So, especially for the IL 62M (the MOE is especiallyestimated) a unique navigation system was created that allows you to drive and land the aircraft in the most unfavorable weather and meteorological conditions. For the first time, a completely automatic control system was used, which for aircraft of this size and carrying capacity is not even ordinary today. The highest reliability and unpretentiousness are the main distinguishing features of the IL 62M. The USSR (86513 board - one of the few sad exceptions) once again managed to create a really simple, but excellent machine.

Basic TTX

• Full wingspan, meters - 43.2.
• Total surface area of ​​the wing, m² - 279.55.
• The maximum length of the fuselage, meters - 53.12.
• The main length of the body, meters - 49.00.
• The average height of the hull, meters - 12.35.
• Wing sweep, degrees - 32,5 ° (line 25% of chords).
• The flight range is maximum, kilometers - 10 000-11 050.
• The maximum flight mass, tons - 161.6 (165/167 for modifications).
• The base of the chassis, meters - 24.48.
• The maximum track of the chassis, meters - 6,8.
• The cruising speed is 850 km / h.
• The high speed is 870 km / h.
• Ceiling height, kilometers - 12.

What is the difference between the machines with the "M" index from their predecessors?

These aircraft, which are a modification of simpleIl-62, have engines of turbojet engines D-30KU. They are much more economical and better meet international standards in the field of environmental protection. The keel and stabilizers of these machines were given the best form, in terms of aerodynamics. By installing a new reversing device, engineers were able to significantly reduce air resistance in flight. By increasing the capacity of the onboard fuel system, these machines can make longer flights.

Some part of the flightequipment, the design of the aircraft added more electronics. In addition, according to the numerous requests of the pilots, a modern air conditioning system was added to the cockpit. It allowed to significantly reduce the degree of fatigue of the pilots during long flights, especially on international routes.

Finally

The car was repeatedly tested forcompliance with all international standards. Until now IL 62M, whose salon is familiar to many natives of the USSR, is operated both inside the country and on international routes. For the first time in the history of domestic civil aircraft construction, most of these aircraft were manufactured for export, and some countries preferred to lease these planes for their domestic transport. This is the history of the aircraft IL 62M.

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