Fireplace: sizes, types, device
Most owners of private houses dreamto establish a stylish, romantic and cozy piece of interior - a fireplace, the dimensions of which largely depend on what function it will perform - heating or decorative.
A living fire conceals in itself not only beauty, but also a high probability of a fire, so the laying of the fireplace must be preceded by careful calculation.
How to calculate the size of the fireplace?
A full-fledged source of heat (even auxiliary, rather than basic) often serves as a fireplace. Dimensions of this heating structure for a room, the area of which is 20 m2, the following:
- the area of the furnace should vary within 0,4 m2;
- the height of the furnace opening is 52 cm, width - 78 cm;
- the depth of the focus should be 34-35 cm.
The sectional area and height of the chimney are notless important values that require a separate and especially careful calculation. A fireplace, the dimensions of which are calculated incorrectly, can pose a real threat to human health and life, which lies in the possibility of getting into the room of combustion products and carbon monoxide. The optimal ratio of the area of the chimney and the fuel hole is 1/10, however, the standard size of the fireplace is not an axiom, since individual individual calculations require each individual case.
Determining the dimensions of wood fireplaces
Wood-burning fireplaces are structures in whichoften and with pleasure gather all the members of the family during the cold autumn and winter evenings. The sound of crackling firewood and the sight of dancing flames inevitably create a unique atmosphere of tranquility and coziness. Real fireplaces made of bricks are not a cheap pleasure, therefore many home craftsmen have a desire to do this work themselves. Of course, this lesson can not be called simple, but if everything is done in accordance with the rules, the result will necessarily be positive.
The fireplace includes the following mandatory components:
- furnace;
- smoke chamber;
- chimney.
The size of each element must have the necessary ratio with the dimensions of the heated room.
For example, the area of the combustion chamberrelative to the total area of the room should be 1:50. In this case, the height and width are related as 2: 3, and the depth and height of the furnace varies from 1: 2 to 2: 3.
The largest influence on the size of the smoke holeit has a furnace area. The required level of thrust can be ensured as follows: the area of the furnace should be 8-15 times larger than the sectional area of the chimney. In this case, if a round pipe is planned for installation, a smaller cross-section can be chosen than if the chimney were square or rectangular.
Material selection
Wood fireplaces are best constructed of red, full-bodied fireclay bricks.
- the color should be uniform and thick;
- The impact of the hammer on the brick must "return" with a sonorous and clear sound.
In addition, you will need:
- sand, grain of which should not exceed the size of 1.5 mm;
- Cambrian clay, and can also use brown or dark red;
- crushed stone - 3-6 mm;
- portland cement grade 300.
Also you need to buy:
- smoke flap;
- fireplace screen;
- grate.
Foundation
Before starting to build a home, you need to take care of a separate foundation. The depth of the excavation should be 60 cm, and the width of 10 cm exceeds the dimensions of the future base.
The bottom should be covered with rubble and carefully punched to maintain horizontality.
Next, you need to make the formwork, for which you need wooden boards. For waterproofing, you need to buy roofing material or tar.
Installed formwork must be filled up with brokenbrick, stones or rubble, and then pour thoroughly diluted cement mortar. The top of the foundation should be leveled and checked for horizontality. After 7 days, you can start building a fireplace.
Features of the fireplace masonry
Before the construction of such a usefulinvention, as a fireplace, the dimensions of which were determined by us earlier, it is necessary to provide waterproofing. This will require a roofing material, laid in 2 layers. Laying should start from the corners. In this case, you need to constantly monitor the level. To give the design an original appearance, you can perform the laying of the bottom row on the edge, and all subsequent - flat. External solid rows require the use of a trowel or trowel. The firebox or firebox should be performed manually, as this facilitates the detection of small pebbles in the solution.
It is important to remember that when erecting a smoke box andfirewood stove-fireplace requires removal of excess solution with a damp cloth. We must not forget that the inner wall is not subjected to plastering. The seam must necessarily be thin, otherwise it can quickly crack. Modern fireplaces need a bandage of seams for half a brick in each row.
The lining of the firebox and the outer wall should not be connected, otherwise, due to frequent temperature changes, a masonry violation may occur.
About modern fireplaces
Every person is pleased to hear the soundcrackling wood and feel the heat of the flame. Similar feelings can be enjoyed not only in nature, but also in your own home. To make dreams come true are fireplaces made of bricks. The main tasks of this equipment are not only the creation of comfort and coziness in the home, but also its heating.
Modern fireplaces can consume as fuel:
- coal;
- natural wood;
- gas;
- electrical energy.
A lot of ready fireplaces are on the market. The difference is between open and closed types of furnaces. In addition, the stove-fireplace can have a closed combined heating system or open, where the type of firebox directly depends on the wishes of the buyer.
A modern fireplace is a versatile and practical design that can be installed in any convenient place.
Fireplace as a design element
The fireplace is an excellent design solution,able to emphasize the overall style of the room. For its design can be used classic style, modern, country or any other, pleasing to the owner.
Heating fireplace requires the availability of suchaccessories, like a poker, tongs, a scoop for ashes and a grill. True, modern society pays much more attention to the emotional and psychological role of this design. That is why it is not recommended to install a fireplace in a small room, at a door or in a passage. Ideal - comfortable armchairs, located in a spacious room, a special stand for equipment and a neat footstool.
Country style, or rustic: unpretentiousness amid humble charm
The etymology of the word "rustic" refers to the mostthe characteristic features of this style - deliberate "uncouthness", "rudeness", stylization for a rustic interior (in another, this style is called country). The desire of our grandparents to bring the element of aesthetics into the arrangement of their primitive dwelling gave birth to this architectural direction, which subsequently became so widely and comprehensively developed.
Country style is inherent in natural parts,components and materials, underlined "rough" treatment and open hearth form. The most suitable materials are: shell rock, sandstone, stone tuff, etc.
About exquisite baroque fireplace excesses
The Baroque style, originated in Europe in the middlecentury, is a reflection of taste in the architecture of the Renaissance. This direction is also relevant in such a case as the styles of fireplaces. It is distinguished by: dynamic image, excessive pomp and luxury, some illusory forms and lines, pomposity and decorativeness.
Art Nouveau style
Lovers of Art Nouveau style will easily give upmost elements of the decor in favor of an unusual color experiment. This trend is characterized by: oblong, pencil-shaped, constructive combination of stone and metal parts, as well as the presence of ceramic or glass in the lining. The adepts of the style are unusual geometric forms, restraint, laconism, as well as unconventional constructive solutions. As a worthy accompaniment of the fireplace in the Art Nouveau style, one can distinguish a large abstraction or landscape painting, minimal decorated furniture, walls covered with asymmetrical lines and a muted color scheme.
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