Spring work in the field, in the garden, in the garden
We all unknowingly wait for spring. Although she brings a lot of troubles and work with her, we are happy for the first spring days and look forward to when you can start spring work in the field, in the garden, in the garden. The owners who cultivate large plots of land need to prepare machinery and seeds for winter, to prepare fertilizers and means of combating pests and weeds. From the moment when the spring field works began, all processes should go consistently and on time. Cottagers and owners of household plots are easier to prepare for the spring. The main thing is to buy bags with seeds.
Spring works in the field, in the garden, in the garden begin right after the snow comes down. The earth needs to be cleared of the remnants of the last harvest, to make fertilizers, to plow.
Features of spring works in the field depend onWhat culture will be grown on it. If it is winter crops, then in the spring they are already sown. We need to inspect them, assess the degree of freezing and loss.
If the crops are all right, the spring works in the field begin with top dressing. In time, the applied fertilizer allows you to harvest a high yield.
When growing spring crops, spring work inthe field is aimed at preserving moisture in the soil and combating weeds. For this, harrowing is used. It can be carried out when the soil is not smeared. After harrowing, the soil warms up faster and moisture does not come out. In this case, germinated weeds.
Spring field work in the field depends on the compositionsoil. Light soils use heavy harrows. On medium and heavy use cultivators. The soil with a high content of sand dries out faster than loam. Therefore, the work in the fields with such soil begins much earlier.
Works in the garden
Once the soil has dried a little, you can start spring work in the garden.
You need to start by cleaning the shelters from the frost. It is better to do this not in sunny hours, so that plants are not affected by a sudden change in temperature conditions. Those designs that are designed for repeated use, washed, dried and hidden until the fall.
Then rake all the garbage: branches, last year's leaves, grass. Even if cleaning was carried out in autumn, it should be repeated. They look at the melting water under the trees. This can lead to decay of the bark.
Vases and flower pots are cleaned and treated with herbicides. Transplant plants in fresh land.
Weed control
Spring works in the garden include combatingperennial weeds. They wake up with the first heat and begin their growth. Weeds should be removed immediately. It is more convenient to do this when the soil is still wet, and the root system of the plant does not develop. Nettle can be removed completely. But sow, no matter how hard you try, you can not pull it out with a root. But if you regularly cut it as deeply as possible, you can get rid of this prickly enemy.
Additional fertilizing
Top dressing can begin in March. Make fertilizers, which include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. These are preparations of "Azofoska" (contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), "Nitroammophoska". It is good to fertilize the soil with organic fertilizers: repaired manure, compost. Fresh manure and chicken manure in the ground is better not to make. These fertilizers are best laid down on a heap or in a pit and used in the next year or as a liquid top dressing in the summer.
This process is laborious. But it gives a positive result.
With sawdust, last year's leaves, straw mulches the soil on flowerbeds, on beds with strawberries, under young trees.
Cover the protective layer with beds with tender plants, requiring a lot of moisture. It can be tomatoes, peppers, carrots - on how much you have the strength and material.
Cucumbers, zucchini after such processing less rot, give more fruit.
Mulched area almost does not need to be weeded, watered.
Caring for trees
Pruning is of great importance in the life of the fruittree. Carry it out until the buds bloom. If you do this later, then the juice will flow to the branches before the wounds from the trimming are tightened. So, maybe it's better not to cut off at all? In this case, the tree will grow tall and thin. It will complicate the care of him. And the fruits will be small, pale and sick.
In spring, dry, sick, damagedbranches. All the places of pruning or damage by rodents are carefully greased with garden crockery. You can cook it yourself, but it's easier to buy in the store. You can paint instead of vara, but with oil, without acetone.
Some trees, such as cherries, walnuts, are best cut off in the summer when the spring movement of juices is over.
Often they are whitewashed with lime. Young trees this procedure saves from bark burns in early spring, when there are no leaves yet. Lime kills some pests and fungi.
Planting trees and shrubs
They are planted in early spring, while the kidneys are not yetswelled and did not dissolve. Otherwise, the survival of the seedling will be very problematic. Pits for planting are best prepared from autumn, filling them with manure to half. But very few people do it. Usually, the desire to acquire some kind of fruit tree arises when spring work begins on the fields.
If you bought seedlings, and there is no pit, you candig in the spring. Its depth should be up to a meter. When planting grapes - 80 cm. The top layer of soil is laid separately, mixed with the manure, wood ash. You can add mineral fertilizers. Fall asleep a bit to the bottom of the pit, so that the tree is soft, and the roots were much to grow. Before planting, the seedlings are pruned with a sharp pruner with roots and dipped with clay from clay. Set the tree so that the clamp (the bent part of the trunk) is directed to the north, and the place where it begins is at ground level or slightly higher. This place should not be in the ground, because through it can penetrate a different infection or disease.
The pit is cautiously covered first with enriched, andthen the remaining soil, while several times watering. Watch that the roots do not break off when compacting the soil. The pit is best not to fall asleep to the ground level, leave a recess for irrigation. Then the water will stay in this hole, and not run away in different directions from the tree. The soil around the tree is mulched. Beside or around the tree clogged pegs, tied with a rope. And the tree supports, and you will not forget about it. Do not forget to water regularly.
Graft
This is the horticultural gardener. Those who have learned to do it qualitatively, will be able to provide themselves with a variety of varieties of fruit trees and shrubs. The new variety can be planted by copulating (grafting with a cuticle) or by incubating (kidney grafting). It is believed that copulation is more effective, cuttings are better tolerated by winter frosts. It is held from the middle of April to the end of May. But stone fruit should be planted as early as possible, until the middle of March. The main problem with copulating is to make even cuts in the root and prievo for their close contact.
Care of perennial flowers
The bush, which has grown enough, needs to be divided. If this is not done, then the plant will weaken and may completely disappear. And the flowers will become small, or there will not be any.
Separate the flock bushes, hosts, bells. Chrysanthemums, if they wintered on the street, are divided and planted. Those that were stored indoors, taken out in the sun, hardened, and then planted. Peonies after such an operation do not bloom for three years. Separate the bushes with a shovel or knife. Place the cut can be sprinkled with pounded charcoal so that the wound does not fester.
Prepare for germination of dahlias, gladioli. They can be placed in sand or sawdust, periodically wetting with water. Planted gladioli in late April, previously 20 minutes disinfected with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. At one place they grow no more than 2 years.
Plant annual plants that are resistant to cold: daisies, viola, forget-me-nots.
Feed bulbs (tulips, daffodils, hyacinths).
Gradually remove the shelter from roses. Conduct them pruning. In frizzy and parked, only dry and weak branches are removed. Repair patients are cut off on 6-8 kidneys. On the tea leaves 2-3 buds are left to escape.
Lawn Care
It consists of feeding, combing, aeration,weeding. Fertilize better right after the snow comes down, "Kimera". To comb out effectively electric verifier. To access the air to the roots of plants use aerator or less sophisticated technique - forks. They are used to pierce the soil at short intervals.
If there are many weeds, herbicides are used.
Fighting diseases and pests
In the spring, the garden, field and garden are attacked by a large number of pests. If you do not fight them, they will eat the harvest, not you.
Chemicals are used in the fields. They spray the crops, when they spend spring work in the field.
Dry leaves and fruits left on the trees,it is necessary to remove and destroy, until pests have escaped from there. Weevil gather in the cold morning. Under a bush put a film and shake branches. Weevils fall on it. They are collected and destroyed.
For each of the types of pests there are their own ways of dealing with their habits and way of life.
You can sprinkle all the pests together with chemical preparations or "Fitoverm", created on the basis of organic raw materials. There are also means for combating fungal diseases of plants.
Bordeaux liquid, copper vitriol, when applied before budding buds, protect against scab (apple, pear), coccomicosis, monilioza (stone), curly peach.
Growing vegetables
Before you start planting vegetables or sowing seeds, it is advisable to make a plan. Take into account the predecessor of each culture, determine the amount of occupied space and seed.
Cultivate garden crops can be differentways, depending on what your climate, soil, size of the garden or field, physical and technical capabilities. The beds can be lowered into trenches (sandy soil, which does not hold moisture well), and to raise ridges (clay soil). This is a rather laborious method. A thick layer of manure, compost and earth form a "smart garden." Smooth ridges are used in greenhouses or on any soils, if there is no desire and possibility to raise or lower them. Spring work in the field is difficult to carry out if it consists of such ridges.
If the area for planting is small, use containers.
Pre-sowing soil cultivation is carried out from the middle of March. The soil is considered mature, when a lump of earth, firmly clasped in the palm of your hand, does not emit water. The soil is ready to receive seeds, tubers and seedlings.
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