Crane beam: technical characteristics, purpose

For work on loading (unloading),lifting, transportation is used crane-beam, the technical characteristics of which allow you to work with large and heavy loads. Most often, such a device can be found in construction, in industry, in warehouses. Constructions are diverse, as are their characteristics. But the principle of work is the same for all species.

Principle of operation of the device

The crane-beam is a certain construction, which consists of the following elements:

• mechanism for lifting loads;
• The guide along which the mechanism moves (flyway beam);
• two end beams, which are necessary for the movement of the crane along the guides.

The lifting mechanism moves along the fly beam in two directions: horizontally and vertically. The mechanism itself is actuated by the drive, which is controlled by the control panel.

The entire process of the crane-beam operation can be divided into several stages:

• lifting of cargo;
• movement of cargo to the destination (working stroke);
• unloading;
• return to the place of loading (idling).

This design is very convenient. It can be used both indoors and outdoors. Individual species can be installed even in small angles, which very often remain empty due to their uncomfortable position.

The crane-beam can be divided into two types according to its design: support and suspension.

Suspension devices

Mobile suspension crane-beam mechanismmoves on suspension beams. They, in turn, are installed on the farms of the building. Instead of trusses trestles can be installed. Typically, the latter option is used outdoors.

The main elements of the mobile crane beam are:

• the end beam with rigid fastening;
• the end beam is movable;
• bearing beam;
• a span beam, which is an I-beam;
• running carriages;
• lifting hoist (hoist);
• drive with control panel.

Support crane beams

The supporting crane-beam in its design has a guide, which is attached to the supports. Supports are made in the form of rails or a square of concrete or metal.

The device of this type is represented by the following elements:

• span beam;
• beam end, which is attached to the span;
• the end beam rests on crane tracks;
• mechanism of lifting cargo;
• drive unit.

The console for the crane beam can be located inside a special cabin. And can be lowered down. Then the control is carried out from the floor with the help of the push-button station.

type of drive

On the crane-beams are installed two types of drive: electric and manual.

The hand crane beam is suitable for handling loads,having a low weight. The speed of movement of such devices is lower than that of electric devices. In them the working mechanism is represented by movable worm hoists. The drive is assembled from a shaft that is connected to the running wheels. The transmission is connected to the traction wheel via a chain.

Most often there is an electric drive. In it, for the movement of goods, hoists or hoists are used, which are mounted on special carts. The mechanism is activated by means of an electric motor, a reducer and the wheels of the trolley.

Main characteristics of the device

The weight of the lifted load is the main parameter,which is characterized by a crane beam. Load capacity depends on the design. For reference, this value is from 1 to 10 tons. Suspension devices have a lower value, which does not exceed 5 tons.

The speed of movement of the mechanism can vary. So, the support crane-beam is capable of moving the load at a speed of 0.4-1 meters per second. Suspension devices work a little slower. Their speed does not exceed 0.5 meters per second.

The characteristics are also always indicatedthe size of the span of the crane beam. It is in the range of 3 to 28.5 meters. It is considered to be a space (area) that can be serviced by a device under a span.

This parameter allows to divide into two categories:

• with one span, which are characterized by a length of 3 to 15 meters;
• with two spans, which correspond to a value of 7.5 to 12 meters.

Suspended crane beams load can be raised to a height of 6 to 36 meters. For support mechanisms this value is lower, it reaches 6-18 meters.

Metal structures of cranes

The main beams are usually made in the formrectangular box by welding four steel sheets. Sometimes bent sheets or lattice trusses can be used. This is done to increase the stability of the structure to bending under the influence of strong loads.

The wall of the bridge, which is located inside,is the main one. Accordingly, the outer wall is an auxiliary wall. For the auxiliary wall, metal with notches is sometimes used. This reduces the weight of the entire structure. But cuts are made in such a way that the load-bearing capacity of the structure does not decrease.

The above described frame design characterizesdouble-girder device. One-girder crane-beam is most often made of I-type with rectangular or triangular cross-section. It, like in the previous case, is executed in the form of a leaf or a farm.

To strengthen the structure inside the main beams are welded diaphragms. They are placed at an angle of 90 degrees to the longitudinal axis of the beam. Their height is almost identical to the height of the walls.

If the length of the main beams is long,cases of their deflection inward under the influence of a large weight of the cargo being transported. To overcome this disadvantage, the beams are bent upwards in advance, creating a so-called building lift. Do this at the stage of cutting steel sheets.

The end beams are reminiscent ofboxes of rectangular shape. On them are installed axle boxes and limiters for the movement of cranes. In devices that are used outdoors, additional anti-theft mechanisms are installed inside the end beams. They protect the movement under the influence of wind.

The use of crane beams makes it much easierperformance of many works. And in some cases this is the only possible option for lifting and moving loads. It is because of this that their prevalence is so great.