Local and global computer networks

After mankind was created by a computer,very soon it was understood that independent devices can not fully realize their potential. In addition, people realized the need to create a new approach to the processes of processing, transmission and storage of information, as well as an environment that can unite all the information resources that humanity owns. This understanding was the first step towards the creation of systems that almost every citizen of the planet enjoys today. It's about information systems that have united millions of computers around the world - local and global computer networks.

To date, local and globalcomputer networks perform many functions, but the main one is the unification of all information accumulated by mankind and providing access to it at any time and from anywhere in the world. Among other things, the association to which local and global computer networks have been and continues to be exposed has made it possible to create a system that allows processing huge information arrays with incredible speed and providing access to virtually any data volume.

Computer network principles of technology protocols,on the basis of which they work, continue to continuously improve and develop. Local and global computer networks have long turned into a whole science, the study and development of which are engaged in the best minds of mankind from around the world.

All local and global computer networks operate in one standard, designed specifically for computer networks - OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)

The structure of the computer network assumes that during the construction and use of the network, such key components will be used:

1. The transmitting medium. Can be represented by a coaxial cable, telephone cable, twisted pair, fiber optic cable, radio ether and other varieties.
2. Workstations. PCs, workstations or a network station can be represented. In the case when the workstation is connected to a network, neither hard drives nor any other storage devices may be required. In this case, do not forget about the need for a network adapter - a special device that allows you to download the operating system from the network remotely.
3. Interface boards. They are network, allowing to organize the processes of interaction of the network and workstations.
4. Servers. The server is a separate computer, equipped with software that allows you to manage network resources that are shared.
5. Network software.

Very important are the network protocols,on the basis of which local and global computer networks function. The following services are provided by the protocols: addressing and routing information, checking for errors, organizing a request for retransmission. In addition, the protocol is entrusted with the functions of establishing rules according to which interaction will be carried out in each particular network environment.

The most widespread are the following network protocols:

IP, which stands for Internet Protocol. This TCP / IP stack protocol provides address information, as well as routing information. Based on this protocol, the largest global network on the planet - the Internet - has been built.

IPX to NWLink. This protocol is developed by Novel NetWare and is used to implement routing, as well as the distribution of directions for which packets are moved.

NetBEUI. This protocol was developed jointly by IBM and Microsoft and is intended to provide transport services for NetBIOS.

DDP. This is a data transfer protocol created by Apple and found use in Apple Talk.