Professional activity is what? Professional activities: spheres, goals, types, features

The sphere of socially oriented, objective activity can be called professional. Depending on the target orientation and the system of criteria, it is possible to restrict the subject of this field in different ways.

What is professional activity?

Let us single out only the essential features that are obvious, and in the presence of which it makes sense to call the activity of a professional.

• System of knowledge and experience. First of all, if we are talking about professionalism, the basis should be awareness, some skills and skills, without a combination of which it is impossible to become a professional.
• Conceptual system. It is impossible to relate a person to the subject sphere, if he does not speak a professional language.
• Methodology. The ability to apply the acquired knowledge in reality.

Summarize: professional activity is a system of knowledge based on the experience of its application. Practice is, on the one hand, the result of development, and on the other - the basis for further growth.

Spheres of professional activity

In order to classify areasspecial knowledge, strict selection criteria must be given. Otherwise, there is a risk of inconsistency in the study of the subject, which is quite extensive. Let's take as a basis the most obvious postulates.

It can be said that there is intellectual and physical labor. It is clear that physical work, even the most crude, requires intellectual resources, but is not limited to them.

Spheres of professional activity:

• humanitarian (the goal is a person);
• natural science (nature);
• social (society).

Professional activity is the production of a socially significant product or service in public spheres.

Goals and motives

The goal is time and spacerepresentation of the final result of work. It can be personal and professional. Interests can coincide, and in this case there is a strong personal motivation for professional development. The objectives of professional activity - this The most important indicator in the definition of levelsqualification of specialists. If there is no understanding of the purpose and orientation of the activity, then it makes no sense to talk about professionalism. Even if the work is carried out in a narrow field of the object environment, in this case the goal is limited by volumes and is the stage for performing a deeper, fundamental task.

The psychology of professional activity is the science of the laws of human development in the objective environment, which attaches great importance to setting goals.

The teacher's goal, for example, can be the victory of hisstudents in the regional olympiad on the subject. It combines both a personal goal and a professional one, which is strictly determined by the subject of training and the scope of work. It is framed in time (the date of the Olympiad) and in space (the regional level). The goal satisfies the teacher's ambitions and personal ambitions, which makes socially important work and receives an appropriate reward for it.

Who can be called a professional?

Let's try to understand this question. A coach who knows from "A" to "I" rules and techniques that allow him to achieve high results to a swimmer, but he does not know how to swim - he is a pro in his business? The question is not idle, often in life we ​​see how a person teaches something to others without having personal results in practice.

Especially it became apparent in the Internet age. The great number of participants in the virtual space took it as a rule to teach a lot of people to any sphere, arrogantly calling themselves professionals ... Newly-announced speakers who retell famous teachings, try to get the laurels of "gurus" among the crowd of listeners. A familiar picture?

On the other hand, consider a person who hasGood results in the object environment. The one who produces the socially claimed product knows the craft. He can not always explain how it does, state theoretically the process of production, but gives the desired result in the best possible way. Is this person professional in his business? The answer is yes.

Therefore, the well-known expression "on matters judge" takes place in this context. Practice in this case is a criterion of truth.

Types of professions

Professional activity is an areacompetence, which is limited to the scope of application. For example, the social sphere involves hiring a specialist with the appropriate training profile. Each of the spheres, in turn, includes a mass of narrow lines, professions.

The profession is a standards-bound areaactivity, which involves a certain amount, level of knowledge and skills of their practical application. There is a world classifier of professions, which gives their description - there are more than nine thousand titles in it. In Russia, such a document contains seven thousand names.

Areas of professional activity aresubject areas in which professionals work. The list of spheres is not static. From year to year, new areas of work appear and the professions disappear which become unclaimed. This directly depends on the development of the technical capabilities of society.

Levels of development of the subject sphere

Profession - a narrow area of ​​practical application of knowledge, skills and skills for a specialist.

Professional activities are definedstage in the development of a specialist in the subject area. Specialty can be obtained in educational institutions of different levels, in centers, courses, remotely and in other ways. The fundamentals of professional activity are confirmed by a certificate, which indicates the level of knowledge received for a certain number of hours of study and confirmed by the results of the examination in an exam or examination form. The specialty presupposes the availability of sufficient knowledge for application in practice, in the professional sphere of production.

Specialist, professional, expert

They often say "a connoisseur in his field". Behind this assessment is the recognition of a person's competence in the sphere in which he practices activities. When a person is said to be "he is a professional," this is more than competence. This is already an expert level. This is not only the recognition of competence in its field, but also the ability to step over the boundaries of one's own knowledge, the ability to give an appraisal opinion about the subject of activity in comparison with similar results in other special fields of activity.

A specialist, a professional, an expert is a stage of mastering the subject area in any area of ​​socially significant activity.

Code of Ethics

Professionalism is not only a high levelexpertise in their field. The ethical component is also a significant indicator of the quality of a specialist. This is especially true for humanitarian, aimed at serving people areas of professional activity.

The ethical code is the code of rules, the followingwhich is a prerequisite for belonging to a professional environment. It contains norms as categorical prescriptions when performing functions by a specialist.

There are a number of professions for whichobservance of the norms of the ethical code. These are spheres of professional activity that somehow affect the life of a particular person. First of all - medicine, jurisprudence, state security, education.

Ethics of professional activity manifests itself in the service of its duty. Let us consider examples of this social phenomenon.

Serving the profession

Such a field of knowledge as psychologyprofessional activity, suggests that service is often the highest value of a person. This is confirmed by numerous testimonies of loyalty to duty. Sometimes a doctor is ready to find a way to cure a serious illness at the cost of his life.

Optional sacrificial heroism serves as a measureprofessional duty. The great Mechnikov made a number of discoveries during his life in the field of medicine, thanks to which prospects were opened in the creation of medicines that help people to overcome death. His whole life is an example of ethical service to the people.

The writer Solzhenitsyn Alexander Isaevich managed to not change his principles in the conditions of severe censorship and punishment for the free expression of his civic position.

He turned his voice into a writtenevidence of the era. Thanks to his willpower, desire for freedom, honesty and consistency in a civic position, the world received literary masterpieces, paid for at the price of personal freedom.

The works "Gulag Archipelago", "Cancer Corps", "One Day of Ivan Denisovich" give an assessment of historical realities through the eyes of a witness of that era.

These are living examples of serving the profession, leaving an invaluable result to humanity, the social effect of which can not be estimated.

The future is for professionals

In order to understand in which professionalenvironment is possible to reveal their abilities in the best possible way, it is important to timely understand your need for society. Assess the need for your personal resources and opportunities.
Therefore, the choice of a professional path is one of the most important educational tasks of the education system as a whole.

In educational institutions formally introduceddiscipline "professional self-determination of students". The subject of it is the study of the world of professions, the features of professional activity. The purpose of the discipline is to help students relate their abilities to the needs and demands of society.

In this case, the person is given the meaning of life,he will feel the demand from the public. Corresponding will be his social reward. It is in this situation that a person is said to be "in his place".

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