Philosophy of Aristotle

Aristotle is an ancient Greek philosopher who lived in the classical period. His teacher is Plato. Aristotle is the teacher of Alexander the Great.

The philosophy of Aristotle is complex and useful. The great philosopher asked not only questions of the world order, but also the person himself. A lot of time he devoted to the art of performances - rhetoric.

From the age of seventeen, a great thinkerworked and studied at the Academy of Plato. Plato was his direct teacher. After spending twenty years in the Academy, he moved to the city of Pele, where Alexander Macedonian became his pupil. Next, he founded his own school, in which he worked until his death. This school was called Likey.

The most famous works of this philosopher:

• "Rhetoric";
• "Metaphysics";
• "Policy";
• "Poetics";
• "Organon".

Philosophy of Aristotle

He left a lot of work that helped this science not only develop, but also to move to a higher level. The philosophy of Aristotle can be divided into three types:

• theoretical - it studies the problems of life, its various spheres, the causes of various kinds of phenomena, the origin of existence;
• practical - studying the structure of the state, as well as human activities;
• poetic.

They also distinguish the fourth kind - logic.

The philosophy of Aristotle has much in common withphilosophy of Plato. Often the first criticized his teacher. This was especially true of the issues of being - Aristotle was against pure ideas, because he believed that things directly depend on the state of the world, and also believed that everything in the world is unique, and there is no such thing.

Aristotle said that there is no pureideas that are not connected with the surrounding world, it is possible only the existence of single, specifically defined things, the concrete thing - the individual - it exists only in a specific place at a particular time.

Asking questions about being, the philosopher deduces his categories:

• essence;
• attitude;
• quantity;
• a place;
• position;
• time;
• act;
• state;
• suffering;
• quality.

Philosophy of Aristotle gives the following definition of being: an entity that has the properties of quantity, action, suffering, and so on.

All, except the essence, here are the properties of being - that is, what a person is capable of perceiving.

Philosophy of Aristotle also concerns problemsmatter. Matter is potency, which is limited by form. Reflecting on matter, the philosopher comes to the conclusion that all that exists on earth exists as a potentiality and form, reality is a sequence of transition from matter to form and vice versa, potency is a passive beginning, and a form is active. He also came to the conclusion that God is the highest form of everything. God has a being outside of any essence.

The soul is the carrier of consciousness. It can be plant, animal, intelligent. Vegetative soul is responsible exclusively for nutrition, reproduction, and also for growth. Thanks to the animal soul, we can feel, and also desire. Reasonable soul helps to generalize and draw conclusions - only it distinguishes a person from the animal world.

The social philosophy of Aristotle argues thata person is a highly organized animal that has speech, as well as thinking, has a tendency to live with others like themselves. The need for oneself has made a man who he is. Man is a very social being. His sociality would not be so strong without language.

The political philosophy of Aristotle is also known. The philosopher distinguished six types of states:

• tyranny;
• monarchy;
• aristocracy;
• the extreme oligarchy;
• ochlocracy;
• politics.

All types of state he divided into "bad", also "good." It is worth noting that he considered the best form of the state to be politics.

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