Elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation. The procedure for holding elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation

In the life of any state an important rolethe parliament is playing. Therefore, the elections to the State Duma are of interest both among Russian citizens and foreign observers. It is necessary that this process be legitimate, open, legitimate. In previous years, there was a lot of criticism from the non-system opposition. In their opinion, elections to the State Duma are held with violations. Let's not delve into their arguments, but let us examine the order and the system of the process in order to understand who is juggling the facts and trying to influence in their favor public opinion.

Appointment of elections

According to the basic law of the state, deputiesThe Duma must work for five years. At the end of this period, a new election campaign is being organized. It is approved by presidential decree. Elections to the State Duma should be announced within 110 to 90 days before the voting date. According to the Constitution, this is the first Sunday of the month after the expiration of the term of office of deputies.

In 2016, the order was revised at the insistence ofthe people's representatives themselves. It was decided to postpone elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation for a single voting day (September 18). This innovation is registered by a special law, which is considered by the Constitutional Court. This body decided that a slight deviation from the basic law does not lead to serious violations. The subsequent elections will now be combined with a single voting day.

Election system

A person who goes to vote shouldto know what exactly he has to decide. The fact is that the system itself was changing in Russia. Through trial and error, they tried to find the best way. In 2016, elections to the State Duma will be held in a mixed system. This means that half of the deputies will be determined by party lists, the second - individually on single-mandate constituencies.

That is, each voter will receive two ballots. In one it will be necessary to note the party that the person trusts, in the second - personally a candidate for deputies from the region. Note that this was the system in 1999, 2003 and earlier. The organization of the process is the responsibility of the CEC. The commission controls the nomination of parties and candidates, their funds, campaign work and other. Any violations are recorded by this body. Legislatively substantiated decisions are made on them.

The procedure for elections to the State Duma

Political struggle is full of many nuances. Holding elections to the State Duma is no exception. Legislatively fixed a special order, which can not be violated. To take part in the election of the party it is necessary:

• collect 200 thousand signatures, no more than 10 thousand in one subject of the Russian Federation;
• send the list for review to the CEC;
• receive an answer;
• if it proves positive, you can start an election campaign.

The listed items have their own subtleties. So, signatures will be seriously checked for reliability. To hedge, the party has the right to enlist the support of a larger number of citizens than necessary. But their number should not exceed legislatively fixed 200 thousand for 5 percent. In addition, parties previously represented in parliament are exempted from the process of confirming popular support. They do not need to collect signatures. In 2016 this right will be used by:

• "United Russia";
• LDPR;
• "Fair Russia";
• Communist Party.

There is a nuance associated with the regional binding of candidates from the party list. It should be divided into territorial groups. The success of each is taken into account in the distribution of deputy mandates.

Vote

This is the most visible, except the agitation, stage of elections. All citizens of the country who have already turned 18 on this day are eligible to vote. In order to take part in the plebiscite, it is necessary to appear at a special site. You should have your passport with you. After receiving the newsletter, you need to go with him to a special booth. Voting is secret, that is, a citizen makes his choice personally, without disclosing it. In the bulletin should be put any sign (a cross, tick) opposite the party or candidate. Then it must be sent to a special sealed box.

Conducting elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federationis organized by the CEC on the basis of legislation. The documents used for voting are printed centrally and distributed throughout the country, that is, they try to exclude any possibility of falsification. The polling stations are guarded around the clock for the same purpose. Only members of the commission have access to the ballots. It should be noted that there is no turnout threshold for the elections to the State Duma. They will be considered conducted at any activity of citizens.

Summarizing

In such a huge country, the result of voting onthe law must be announced within ten days. Therefore, the vote count is broken down into stages in order to facilitate this process. A number of election commissions are being created in the state: precinct, territorial, subjects and the CEC. Counting is in this order.

Precincts deal with bulletins, make upprotocol, send it to the territorial. Those, in turn, make a summary sheet, checking the reliability of the data (correctness of the design). Territorial commissions send their own protocols to the appropriate body of the subject of the Russian Federation. At this stage, the paper is checked again, the data set is correct. Final protocols are sent to the CEC. This body collects all the information on the country and sums up the results.

Distribution of mandates

Since a mixed system is used, the resultsare summarized by a double method. In one-mandate districts, the winner is the one for whom the majority of votes were cast. This candidate gets his mandate directly from the hands of voters. The parties need to go through the barrier. In 2016, it was fixed at 5 percent. Those parties that gain less votes automatically retire from the race. The mandates (225) are divided between the finalists. The rules of counting are such that the number of votes and the barrier are taken into account.

It is necessary for the parties not to voteless than 60% of citizens at all, that is, in the aggregate, the preferences of people in relation to political organizations should be exactly this figure. If the leading forces as a whole gain less, then outsiders can join the distribution of mandates. The commission adds parties that do not pass the barrier, until they collect the 60% specified in the legislation. The CEC announces the victorious political forces, which share mandates in their ranks, taking into account the results of voting in the regions.