Reserve Poronaisky: climate, flora and fauna
The state nature reserve Poronaisky,the area of which is 56.7 hectares, is located on the eastern side of Sakhalin Island, in Poronaisky district. The boundaries of the zakaznik, founded in 1988, stretched 300 km along the water and 60 km overland. The main goal of its creation is the preservation of the natural landscapes typical for Sakhalin.
Scientific activity, which is carried out inreserve, is focused on preservation of mountain, taiga and marsh ecological systems of the island of Sakhalin. And in addition, the protection of wintering and migratory birds.
To preserve nature around the state reserve, a security zone has been established, on which fishing, felling of trees, use of chemicals, and tourist activities are prohibited.
Climate
During the year about 700mm of precipitation. The period without frost lasts an average of about 130 days. At 80% or higher, air humidity is maintained. The Poronaisky Reserve in the Sakhalin Region has flat, wetlands. The direction of the wind is influenced by the landscape. In winter, the northern winds predominate in the Poronai River valley. On the coast, the stream of wind changes its direction. Storms and snowstorms are possible. In the winter months, a significant amount of precipitation falls on the territory of the Poronaisky Reserve.
The height of the snow cover in winter reachesan average of 600 mm or more. With the beginning of spring from the Pacific Ocean, the invasion of air masses, which carry the wind of the south and south-east direction, begins.
The snow completely disappears in May. As the summer approaches, clouds and precipitation increase. The summer is rainy, cool, with frequent fogs and strong winds, typhoons.
In autumn the cloudiness decreases, it endsperiod of fog and rain. The wind changes course to the north-west. In the autumn, berries and mushrooms ripen. At the end of September, the first frosts are possible. In October, the first snow begins to appear. Since November in the east of Sakhalin cyclones with warm and moist air masses coming from the Sea of Okhotsk have been observed. They carry with them snowstorms, at which the wind speed is 50 m / sec.
Water element
The Poronaisky Reserve consists of the NevskyOf the Vladimir sites. Its area also captures the Terpenia Peninsula, located in the east of Sakhalin, which has 20 beautiful lakes of lagoon origin. In summer, in spring, in autumn, the water level in them rises due to rainwater runoff. Some of the lakes are connected to the sea bays, because of this the water in them is brackish. A lot of rivers, passing into waterfalls, give the peninsula indescribable beauty.
In the reserve Poronaisky mountain rivers predominate. The distribution of marshes is facilitated by the proximity of groundwater, a large amount of precipitation, poor filtration properties of soils, high floods of rivers. Prior to the mineral soil, swamps freeze in December, and thawing occurs only in July.
Vegetation
Most of the Poronaisky reserve is coveredtaiga, and the remaining areas - mountain tundra. And only a few coastal parts are strewn with oceanic moons. In general, the nature reserve recorded about 400 species of higher plants, 100 mosses and lichens. In the Red Book of Russia 17 rare plants are introduced, for example, Venerin shoe, as well as 2 species of lichens and fungi.
Plants on the peninsula of Terpenia are mainly of forest-forming species: larch, fir. The abundance of forest berries: blueberries, blueberries, cranberries.
Fauna
The animal world is diverse. Mouse rodents are represented by the largest number of individuals.
Nest and dwell on the rocks:
- beloblushka;
- black-tailed seagull.
White-tailed eagle, white and pink gull (it is also called the "northern pearl"), the Sakhalin musk deer are protected by the state.
Forest fauna: hares, chipmunks, voles, flying squirrels. Artiodactyls: reindeer and Sakhalin musk deer.
Interesting places
The bird market, on which the Mandarin nests, the peregrine falcon, is located on Cape Terpenia. More than a hundred thousand birds can be seen on the cape.
In 15 km from the reserve there is a natural monument - the island of Tyuleni. On it extends the rookery of the northern fur seals, seals. In the summer you can see thousands of these animals.
