Alexander Kruglov: biography and creativity of the writer

On the wave of revolutionary sentiments of the second halfXIX century prominent place in the literature was occupied by works whose authors are little known. Partly because many of them were not Democrats, but, nevertheless, their creativity carried an enlightenment ideals. Among them is the name of the Russian writer, poet, publisher and journalist Kruglov Alexander Vasilyevich.

short biography

Alexander Kruglov was born in Veliky Ustyug on June 5, 1853, in the family of a school superintendent. Soon after the birth of his son, his father died. The childhood of the future writer passed in the grandfather's house - in Vologda.

First verses Kruglov began to write with the beginningentrance to the gymnasium, which adversely affected his marks. Under the influence of a general climate, his views were constantly changing. It seemed to be woven from contradictions. In the senior classes he became a "thinking realist," actively condemning the adored Pushkin, opposing him Nekrasov. In those years, the gymnasium students fought bitter ideological disputes and expressed their opinion on the pages of manuscript editions.

Kruglov took a keen interest in this. He expounded the thoughts inherent in supporters of liberal trends, and copied the writers of the "Russian word". One of them, the publicist and participant of the revolutionary movement, N. V. Shelgunov, served his exile in the Vologda province. Soon there was exiled the famous Russian sociologist and revolutionary PL Lavrov. He even dared to send his poems Alexander Kruglov (photo above). Pyotr Lavrovich did not approve poetry for the press, but he advised the novice poet not to leave poetry.

The beginning of the creative path

Debuted Kruglov in prose. The first correspondence and the story of the Vologda life began to be published in 1870 on the pages of the Russian Chronicle, Iskra and Week. The essay on MV Lomonosov was published as a separate pamphlet for schoolchildren. At that time Alexander was still a schoolboy. The whole of Vologda soon knew about the birth of a new writer.

After graduation, an already held journalistAlexander Kruglov felt the need for further education. He began to prepare himself for teaching and entered the pedagogical courses. Soon the young man left them and in 1872 for the first time left his native Vologda. Friends found a place for him in the bookstore, and Kruglov went to Petersburg. In the work he was refused. Did not succeed and the search for service in the editorial offices. Taking money for the road, Kruglov left back. During the year he worked as an official in the Treasury Chamber, a proofreader in a printing house, a private tutor.

From Vologda to St. Petersburg

In the autumn of 1873, he again went to the capital. With the service this time was successful - he settled into the library at the bookshop. At nights he wrote articles and poems for pedagogical and children's magazines. On literary earnings, he could live comfortably, but the illness of a loved one absorbed all his means. I had to live in slums and eat in people's canteens. His patience came to a limit, and Alexander Kruglov appealed to the Society of Aid to Writers.

A few days later, Kruglov arrivedrepresentative of the Literary Fund NA Nekrasov. The beginning writer was assigned a benefit. At the same time, a significant meeting for Kruglov with FM Dostoyevsky took place. He handed him the manuscript of the first novel. Fyodor Mikhailovich severely criticized her and advised the author to accumulate life experience. Kruglov destroyed his work and continued to write essays. He was regularly published in The Observer, The Herald of Europe, Dele, The Stock Exchange, The Historical Herald and several children's magazines. Dostoevsky became a teacher for the young writer and had a great influence on his creative activity.

In 1879 in the "Russian speech" began to appearone after another the stories of Alexander Kruglov. LN Tolstoy wrote to the journal and asked to support the young writer. FM Dostoevsky also approved of the talented author, and he acquired a literary name. Soon Kruglov left Petersburg. Traveled and lived in the countryside, wrote and printed a lot in almost all the capital's newspapers and magazines. One by one, his books began to appear.

Kruglov's books

In total, Alexander Kruglov has written more than a hundred books. Great success was enjoyed by books for children and young people who survived several publications during the writer's lifetime:

• 1885 - essays and stories "Living Souls" and "Children of the Forests".
• 1886 - "Provincial correspondents".
• 1887 - "The Lord of the Zemstvo".
• 1889 - "Ivan Ivanovich and the Company", "From the Golden Childhood".
• 1890 - "Bolshak" and "Kotofey Kotofeyevich", "Forest People" and "Provincial Tales."
• 1892 - "Pictures of Russian life", "Evening leisure", "Different roads".
• 1895 - 1901 - "Under the wheel of life", "Nemudrenoe Happiness", "His own - others", "Ivan the Fool", "Genius Humor", "New Star", "Conscience Awake", "Lord Peasants" and others.

Alexander Kruglov was one of the most popular children's writers. His pen belongs to books for kids:

• 1880 - "Gift for the Christmas tree", "Winter leisure".
• 1888 - "I have children for me".
• 1898 - "To the Little Readers".

Poems Kruglov included in the collections:

• 1894 - The Children.
• 1897 - "Poems".
• 1901 - "Love and Truth. Spiritual motives ».
• 1912 - "Evening Songs".

Diary of the writer

In the 90 years Alexander Kruglov departed frompopulism and moved to the Orthodox-monarchical position. He was published in Orthodox journals "Dushepoleznoe reading", "Russian pilgrim", "Parish life," Pilot ". Later, in 1901 and 1904 his articles appeared in separate collections "From the diary of an Orthodox layman" and "Sincere speeches".

From 1907 to 1914, Alexander Vasilyevich publishedmagazine "Diary of a Writer", since 1910 - "Candle and Diary of a Writer". His wife, A. N. Doganovich, a well-known author of children's literature, helped him edit the journal. On the pages of the edition Kruglov criticized the revolutionary movement and democratic literature.

The writer died October 9, 1915 in SergievPosada. Until the last days he did not change the instructions of his teacher Dostoevsky: the writer should be free of parties, serve his country and people, be a believer and a moral person.