Red book of the Volgograd region: plants, birds, animals

The Red Book of the Volgograd Region is a special oneThe document regulating the order of protection of plants and animals in this region. All objects of flora and fauna are filed in a list form, where opposite each of them is indicated the degree of rarity from 1 (the highest degree of threat) to 7 (out of danger). There are also representatives on the list opposite to them. This means that they have disappeared from this region. In addition, the nature of the Volgograd region, or rather, specimens of its rare representatives, are stored in a special genetic bank. It was established in 2010. The Red Book of the Volgograd Region is not only flora and fauna, but also rare soils that are on the verge of extinction.

History

The first attempts to involve the public inproblems of plant and animal protection were in the early 90-ies of the XX century. It was then that the first Red Book of the Volgograd Region was published. It was an ordinary popular scientific publication, which had no legal power. Then there were several more such publications, and only in 2004, according to the Decree of the Head of Administration, an official list was issued. On its basis, the Red Book of the Volgograd Region was compiled: animals (1 volume), plants and mushrooms (2 volumes).

It should be said that the list of protected objectsvery mobile: some representatives from it are excluded, others, on the contrary, are introduced. So it was, for example, with a small swan, which replenished the list in 2010.

In 2011, an electronic version was releasedpublication. It should be said that the special Committee for Environmental Protection in this region is responsible for the Red Book. On its basis, a special commission has been set up, which is engaged in the formation of a list of representatives of flora and fauna that need special protective measures.

Invertebrates

In the list of protected nature objectsRepresentatives of many detachments and classes are included in the Volgograd Region. To begin with, we should say about invertebrates. So, in the Red Book of the Volgograd region a medical leech is included. This special ringworm lives in fresh water bodies, prefers a muddy bottom and clean water.

In appearance, the leech resembles its owna corpuscle, a ringed worm, but the body is slightly flattened. Oral opening looks like a sucker, with which the invertebrate extracts food - blood. This product remains in the stomach of the leech for a long time - several months. It's all about the special bacteria that live in the stomach of the creature, it's they that prevent the blood from clotting. Any blood can come to this invertebrate.

Widespread use of leeches in medicine (theyhelp to ease the condition with varicose veins, all kinds of skin lesions) became the main limiting factor - they were caught in huge quantities. However, this factor disappeared after the methods of bleeding were applied, and also learned how to take leeches on an industrial scale. Another of the limiting factors is the decrease in the population of frogs. It is their blood that feeds on young leeches.

Another representative of invertebrates, whoThe Red Book of the Volgograd Region contains a thick perlite. It is a bivalve mollusk that lives in turbulent, clean rivers. The length of the perlite shell reaches just over 7 centimeters. Life expectancy is quite high: mollusks, who lived for 22 years, were recorded. The main limiting factor is the deterioration of water quality and, as a consequence, the decline in the population of river fish, on which the larvae of these invertebrates parasitize.

Arthropods

Of the class of crustaceans included in the Redthe book of the Volgograd region, it is necessary to note the summer shield. This species, which has been living on the planet for millions of years, is now shrinking dangerously. This small crustacean lives in shallow waters with a depth of 20 cm to 2 meters. Also it is suitable for puddles, ravines, ditches, flooded meadows. In shields, there is a special system of survival: larvae develop and hatch in a short time, then become sexually mature very quickly. This is a very important condition for dwelling in small ponds that can dry quickly. In addition, as a rule, the shields are on the top of the food chain in their habitat. However, their numbers are decreasing due to drainage of water bodies (larvae do not have time to complete the cycle).

Another crustacean, living in puddles and smallwater bodies - chirocephalus horribilis. It does not have a shell, its body reaches only 16 mm. The crustacean is in constant motion, it moves through puddles in search of food - plankton, animal or vegetable. Disappears due to a decrease in the number of habitats.

Tanimistic pond is also especially protected inVolgograd region. The crustacean is small in size (13 mm), refers to the naked gill-legged, mainly in puddles. The limiting factor for this creature is the contamination of soils on which its habitats are formed.

Also from small crustaceans it is necessary to note branhinectu small and streptotsefala groznonogo. The limiting factors and habitats are similar to those described above.

From representatives of arachnids to the Red BookThe Scorpion of the Mediterranean entered the Volgograd region. By its name you can see where this representative is most widespread, but similar creatures also live in the Volgograd region. Prefers sandy soils: dunes, desert terrain, well warmed by the sun. They feed on other insects: spiders, flies, small butterflies.

Insects

In total, 59 species of insects are listed in the Red Book of the Volgograd Region. We will analyze those of them, for which ecologists are afraid most of all, that is they are marked in the publication in figures 1 or 2.

Kornegryz red-bellied - the last time this beetle lived exclusively in the Lower Volga region, was seen on the territory of the region in 1994. The area of ​​habitation is Lake Elton.

Another endangered species - bronzovka smooth. This representative of the lamellar prefers to settle on old, century-old trees. All because the larvae of bronze develop in the rotten bark, and adults eat wood juice. Most prefer oak groves, but are found on fruit trees, for example, apples and pears. Reducing the number is due to the cutting of old plantations.

Particularly protected in the Volgograd region and beetle fromfamily weevils-four-sparse stekfanokleonus. This insect of ash-gray color reaches 1.5 centimeters in length. The preferred habitat is the steppe, but the larvae are deposited in the soil. The plowing and development of new lands is the main limiting factor.

Protected in the region and butterflies. We will call several species: dandelion silkworm, peacock-eye small, titania, teddy bear, dawn zegris, lucina, pigeon roman. The disappearance of this species of insects is associated with the destruction of their habitats: forests, meadows and shrubs.

Fish

Some inhabitants of reservoirs also needspecial protection on the territory of the Volgograd region. Let us cite some representatives. First, they are lampreys, Caspian and Ukrainian. If the latter was seen recently in the basin of the Volga (in the Sura River), the Caspian once lived here, but practically disappeared after the construction of the Volgograd Dam. The Ukrainian lamprey is smaller than the Caspian lamp: its length is 20 cm, while the latter reaches 55 cm.

Animals of the Volgograd region, listed inRed Book - it's all kinds of fish. So, the sterlet is especially protected here. It is a small representative of the sturgeon family, which reaches 125 centimeters in length. Predator prefers small invertebrates, sometimes eats caviar. Lives up to 30 years. The main limiting factors are poaching (valuable commercial fish) and water pollution. Sterlet prefers crystal-clear reservoirs.

Virtually disappeared from the waters of the region are trout, Azov beluga and Volga herring.

Reptiles

What other representatives includes the Red Book of the Volgograd Region? Its animals are diverse, among them there are representatives of reptiles.

For example, mednyka ordinary. Although this snake from the family of the same for people is not dangerous, it is destroyed as well as its habitats - forest glades, well warmed by the sun. Copper can have both a gray color, and yellow-brown and even brown. Its main difference is the band passing through the eye.

Protected in the Volgograd region are two types of skid: yellow-belly and four-lane. These monotonous well climb trees, where they get their food. For a person do not pose a threat.

The only representative of the reptiles of the Redbooks of the Volgograd region, dangerous to man - the viper Nikolsky. This snake has an even black color. Prefers moistened deciduous forests in river valleys. The main limiting factor is the destruction of habitat, trapping and mixing with an ordinary viper.

Birds

Another class of animals that the Red Book of the Volgograd Region guards is birds. They are 54 species. We will analyze the most vulnerable.

First, it is worth paying attention torepresentatives of ducks. This is the Lesser White-fronted Goose, the marble teal, and the white-eyed duck and the white-eyed duck. The last bird is a very rare visitor of the Volgograd region due to the fact that it does not have permanent nesting places. Also, the number of ducks is affected by the economic activity of man, associated with the destruction of their habitats. Unauthorized hunting is another factor.

Of the birds of prey, special fears are caused by the cop, steppe harrier, large spotted eagle, Saker Falcon, peregrine falcon and steppe kestrel.

Black grouse and bustard should be distinguished from the chicken. The first bird lives on forest edges in packs, the second prefers steppes. Their enemy is a man. The drift disappears due to the development of the steppes under arable land, and the black grouse is mostly due to unauthorized hunting.

Mammals

Mammalian animals of the Volgograd region,listed in the Red Book - is a Russian desman (its population has practically disappeared due to pollution of reservoirs and destruction of burrows), as well as rodents (a macknocked jerboa and a midday gerbil). Of predators, only the representative of the family kunih - dressing causes special concern.

Plants

Not only representatives of the fauna are guarded by the Redbook of the Volgograd region. Plants are also represented in it. Let us analyze some of them. It should be said that here you can meet various representatives of the fauna - from mosses and lichens to mushrooms.

So, under special protection the Red book tookVolgograd region plants that are representatives of bryophytes. There are a lot of them. Let's enumerate the extremely rare: anomodon long-leaved, climatium tree-like, taxifillum vispelli, enkalipta rotund.

From ferns it is necessary to allocate a martiabristly. This unique plant lives in temporary reservoirs, so its population depends on the amount of precipitation a year. Also, the limiting factor is the economic activity of man: the development of meadows for pasture.

The primroses of the Volgograd Region are especially protected. The Red Book takes protection, for example, a peony thin-leaved, which blooms by the beginning of May. This beautiful flower attracts attention, which is why it is often torn off for bouquets. In addition, the area of ​​distribution is subject to trampling when grazing. Another primroses of the Red Book is hazel grouse Russian, belonging to the family of daylilies. Tulips of Gesner and two-flowered are also protected by the Red Book of the Volgograd Region. Plants included in it, it is forbidden to disrupt and use even for personal purposes.