Number and employment of the population of the Ulyanovsk region

The history of the Volga region has more than one millennium. Once upon a time these lands were part of the Volga Bulgaria, the Polovtsian Steppe, the Golden Horde and Rus and were the habitat for different peoples. The composition of the population has changed over time. Today here is the Ulyanovsk region. Who now inhabits these lands, what is the number, living conditions and work of the local population, what is the specificity of the region as a whole? This will be discussed in this article.

Geographical position of the Ulyanovsk region

In the Middle Volga, south of Tatarstan, along theThe Volga is located Ulyanovsk region. In the south, it borders the Saratov region, in the east - with the Samara, in the west - with the Mordovia and the Penza region. The region occupies 59th place among 85 subjects of the Russian Federation or 0.2 from the whole territory of the country. From the geographical point of view, the region can be divided into the Trans-Volga region, which is characterized by a hilly relief, and the Volga region, which has a flat surface. The main reservoir of the region, except for the Volga, is the Kuibyshev Reservoir.

Climate

The geographic location of the region determines itsnature and weather. The Ulyanovsk region extends in the temperate continental climate zone and in three natural zones: steppe, forest-steppe and taiga. There are many broadleaf and pine forests in the region.

Thanks to the abundance of plains andrelatively mild climate, the population of the Ulyanovsk region is engaged in various types of agriculture. Winter in these parts begins in mid-November and ends in mid-March. Winters are rather snowy and moderately cold, the average temperature in January is minus 13 degrees. But there are frosts up to 40 degrees. Heat in the region lasts from mid-March to mid-September. On average, the temperature rises at this time to 20-22 degrees. In the summer, drought and heat often occur. Autumn and spring usually stand dry and warm, the greatest amount of precipitation falls between April and October.

History of settlement

Relatively favorable climate, largethe number of forests and lands suitable for agriculture led to the fact that the population of the Ulyanovsk region has very ancient roots. The first inhabitants in the region appeared 100 thousand years ago. The oldest culture, whose existence on this territory is confirmed by archaeological finds, dates back to the 3rd-6th centuries AD. and is called imenkovskoy. These people were of Slavic origin. Later, representatives of Volhyntsi, Kolochin and Penkov cultures lived here. It is believed that part of the ancestors of Kievan Rus - from here. In the 15th century these lands became part of the Kazan Khanate. And from the middle of the 16th century the region is being developed by the Volga Cossacks.

In the middle of the 17th century, a fortressSimbirsk, which was part of the zashchka line, i.e. borders. The first test of the fortress was the siege of the troops led by Stepan Razin. The 18th century is a time of active development of the Volga lands, the borders go further and the region becomes a province of the Russian state.

At the end of the 18th century, the Simbirskprovince, which existed until 1924. Even under Soviet rule Simbirsk began to be called Ulyanovsk. Later the region became part of the Middle Volga region. And only in 1943 there is an independent territorial unit - the Ulyanovsk region.

Administrative division of the region

The capital of the region is the city of the same name -Ulyanovsk. The region was repeatedly subjected to administrative reform. The last territorial division was established in 2006. Today the population of the Ulyanovsk region lives in three cities of regional significance: Ulyanovsk, Novoulyanovsk and Dimitrovgrad and in 21 administrative districts.

In the region there are 31 urban settlements,not counting cities of regional scale, and 326 villages and towns. In the region there is a gradual consolidation of cities and a decrease in the number of rural residents. However, this is an all-Russian trend.

Population size and dynamics

The regular census of the region's inhabitants began in1897 year. Then there lived 1.5 million people. In connection with social upheavals, by 1926, the population of the Ulyanovsk region was reduced by approximately 200,000 people. During the war and the period of the restoration of the country, no one counted the inhabitants. And in 1959 there were 1.1 million people living in the region. The next 40 years are marked by a slow population growth. So, in 1995 there were 1.4 million people. But the restructuring and the social and demographic problems that followed it again provoked a decline in the number of residents of the region. To date, the Ulyanovsk region has 1 252 887 people. There is a tendency to a small decrease in the population of the region every year.

Ethnic composition of the population

The Volga region has always been a multinational region. Today, the employment center of the population of the Ulyanovsk region notes the growth of ethnic diversity in the region, which is due to the migration of labor. However, the dominant ethnic group in the region were and remain Russians, their number is about 70%. In second place are the Tatars - 11.5%, their number is growing every year. In third place - Chuvash (7%), on the fourth - Mordva (3%). The rest of the nationalities are represented by small groups, on the whole, each ethnos is less than 1% of the total number of inhabitants.

Population distribution

As in the whole country, there is aprevalence of urban residents. 75% of all people in the region live in cities. The largest is the capital - Ulyanovsk. Here live just over 600 thousand people, and this figure is constantly growing, and the urban agglomeration is increasing. The population of the Ulyanovsk region of the Ulyanovsk region is about 70% of the total number of inhabitants of the region. The second major city is Dimitrovgrad with a population of 110 thousand people. Six settlements number from 10 to 20 thousand people, 16 settlements populate from 5 to 10 thousand people. Small settlements today are experiencing demographic difficulties, there is an outflow of population, mainly young people. This suggests that in the coming years, a shift toward the urban population will only increase.

Density and employment of the population of the Ulyanovsk region

An important demographic parameter of the regionis the number of inhabitants per square kilometer. The higher the population density, the more difficult it is to provide people with quality infrastructure. In the Ulyanovsk Region, the population density is 33 people per sq.km. According to this indicator, the region occupies the 29th place in the country. This density indicates a moderate attractiveness of the place to live.

An equally important sign of stability andThe success of the region is the provision of people with jobs. To date, the employment department of the Ulyanovsk region notes a slight increase in unemployment, it is 4.7%. This is slightly less than the national average.

Infrastructure of the Ulyanovsk Region

The number of inhabitants and their migration is affected byquality of life in the region. The Ulyanovsk region is not a leader in terms of living conditions. The level of incomes and the provision of the population with socially significant objects is here on the national average. Today the region occupies the 31st place in the rating on the quality of life. At the same time, the construction of housing is quite active, industrial enterprises are successfully operating in the region, in particular, Aviastar, UAZ, foreign concern Mars, Henkel. The region is a traditional place for agriculture, which allows covering local needs in basic food products.

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