Zubov Platon Alexandrovich, favorite of Catherine 2: biography, photo, portrait

In June 1789, from St. Petersburg to Tsarskoe Selothe imperial motorcade moved in a perfect manner. Next to the carriage, adorned with a royal monogram, a twenty-year-old handsome man was prancing on a horse, astonishing the look of his article and grace. From the window gloom behind him, the eyes of a woman who had lost her youth, but preserved features of grandeur and former beauty, were continuously watching him. That day in the metropolitan sky rose the star of the new Catherine's favorite, whose name - Platon Zubov - will become a symbol of the end of the reign of the greatest Russian empress.

Military career, which began after the student's desk

The last favorite of Catherine II, Grand DukeZubov Platon Alexandrovich, born November 26, 1767, was the third son of provincial vice-governor and estate manager Count Saltykov - Alexander Nikolaevich Zubov, whom contemporaries called "the most dishonest nobleman in the whole state." Apparently, there were grounds for that.

Hardly having reached the age of eight, the futureThe most illustrious prince, and at that time simply Platosha, was enlisted as a sergeant in the Life Guards Regiment of the Semyonovs. While the boy was growing up and getting a home education, his military career was going uphill, and after a set time he received another rank. As soon as the boy was twelve, he was transferred to the Horse Guards by a sergeant-major, and five years later he was promoted to cornet.

For the first time in the active army, which was then inFinland, Platon was in 1788, where he soon received another promotion, becoming a second captain. Such a rapid advancement of the young man's career is explained by the patronage of Count Saltykov, whose father served as the manager, and who quite distinguished Plato for his "modesty and respect".

The Beginning

But the true take-off of his dizzying careerbegan exactly the summer day from which we began the story. Thanks to the patronage of the same Count Saltykov, Platon Zubov is appointed commander of the Horse Guards, sent to Tsarskoe Selo - the residence of the empress - for guard duty there. This move coincided with the "resignation" of the next Catherine's favorite Count AM Dmitriev-Mamonov, and the heart of the aging, but still loving Empress was free.

As is known, emptiness is generally contrary to nature, andespecially for the woman's heart, and Anna Nikitichna Naryshkina, faithful to the Empress, was hurried to make up for her. It was with her mediation that the Russian autocrat was coming closer to the young horse-guards she liked so much.

At first he received an invitation to dinner andwas given a pleasant conversation, and then was received in the private chambers of Catherine. Obviously, Platon was worthy of her attention, as literally three days later he was granted a ring with diamonds and 10 thousand rubles in cash, and two weeks later he was promoted to colonels and aide-de-camp.

It is very possible that, given their difference inage (Catherine at that time was already over sixty), she experienced for her twenty-two-year-old favorite a very mixed feelings, in which the passion of a woman in love lived along with maternal tenderness. But, one way or another, Platon Zubov and Catherine became inseparable. Soon he settled in the palace, where he was assigned the same chambers that formerly occupied by his predecessor - Count Dmitriev-Mamonov. In the autumn of the same year, Zubov was appointed a cornet of the Cavalry Division and was promoted to Major General.

The old favorite and his young successor

It should be noted, however, that evil tonguesargued that this connection was nothing more than the result of political intrigue, initiated by the enemies of the Most Serene Prince Potemkin, removed from the Catherine's Alcove, but remained, nevertheless, her closest friend and most influential dignitary. All the former young favorites were his proteges and therefore did not pose a danger to the all-powerful prince. Courtiers, however, displeased with his influence on the empress and who wanted a speedy overthrow, needed a different candidate.

Potemkin, who was at the time in Moldavianprincipality, the empress wrote about her new favorite as a recently appeared at her "student" and "newcomer". The Most Serene Prince, who strictly controlled her heartfelt affection, at first did not give the next novel a serious meaning. According to the information he possessed, the young man was a very shallow and short-sighted sham who did not pose a threat to him.

"Tooth", which prevented Potemkin

By the way, like Potemkin tried himselfZubov. Plato in the presence of Catherine personally wrote to the prince a letter in which he expressed his respect and devotion. At first it had an effect, but soon the experienced nobleman, feeling the danger, began to set up the empress against her new "disciple", convincing her in letters that he was a "shoddy" and "insignificant" person. But there was an unexpected - Catherine, who always followed his advice unerringly, this time became obstinate and flatly refused to part with her sweetheart "newcomer".

There is a funny legend: in a letter to the empress, answering a question about his own health, Potemkin wrote that everything is healthy, but a tooth prevents him from tearing out when he arrives in Petersburg. Needless to say, this pun was directed against the young Zubov, whom Potemkin intended to separate Catherine. Running forward, it should be said that his plans were prevented by death, which caught the all-powerful nobleman on his way from Moldova to St. Petersburg.

New Zubov at the Empress's Court

Already in the autumn of the same year of 1789, the court appearedanother representative of the Zubov family - Valerian, who was a new favorite, his own brother. This eighteen-year-old boy, being presented to the Empress, immediately conquers her warm sympathy and becomes one more "disciple". About it, she writes Potemkin as a child, extraordinarily beautiful and in all her faithful. For him, Catherine asks the Sovereign for a worthy place in the army, which he heads, and from himself he complains to the young man the rank of colonel. Apparently, the "pupil" showed considerable ability.

Curious documents have been preserved,evidence of the bounties that the empress showered at the expense of the treasury of one of his former favorites - Alexander Lansky. From them it follows that during three years of his favor he received 100,000 rubles for a wardrobe and outfits, and a daily table, for which at least twenty people gathered, cost the treasury 300 thousand rubles.

Personally, the Empress handed him 7 million rubles,not counting the numerous gifts, such as diamond buttons on the jacket, two houses in St. Petersburg and innumerable serfs. It is possible to say with confidence that the treasury and Zubov were not cheaper. Plato was her last passion, and, presumably, in relation to him, Catherine was particularly generous.

His not very smart brother he sentaway from the eyes, persuading the empress to send him to Moldavia to Potemkin, where a warm place was ready for him. So it was calmer - who could know if there would be enough room for both of them in the heart of a woman who was satiated with life? Apparently, it's not for nothing that Platon Zubov judged this. A photo from the portrait of his brother, where he is depicted in a hat with a luxurious plume, is presented in our article.

Beginning of government activities

In October 1791, he died suddenlythe faithful assistant of the empress in all state affairs - the Most Serene Prince Potemkin. For Catherine, this was a terrible blow, because now she had one responsibility for making important decisions. We needed a reliable and intelligent person who was always near. Such an attorney, in her opinion, could become Platon Zubov. The favorite like no other was suitable for this role.

His Platoshu (so affectionately called himEmpress) she began to attach to state affairs during Potemkin's lifetime, but it can not be said that he succeeded in this too. According to contemporaries, Platon Zubov - the favorite of Catherine II - for all his physical virtues did not possess a sharp mind or tenacious memory. He was obviously not given science, but at the same time he knew how to impress the people around him with an intelligent and educated person. This was helped by the excellent knowledge of the French language, on which he spoke easily and at ease.

After the death of Potemkin Platon Zubov, biographywhich became fully embodied court favoritism, rose in his career to a completely new height. Now, from a humble and respectful "disciple", he turned into an omnipotent courtier who did not consider it shameful to shout at those nobles whom he still cringed yesterday. From his pen in those years came the most unthinkable and absurd state projects, such as the seizure of the Russian fleet of Istanbul, the conquest of Vienna and Berlin, as well as the creation of a new state of Australia.

Strangely enough, but hitherto wise andprudence in matters ruler came under the influence of brothers teeth - empty and unscrupulous careerists. She signed decrees on the execution of their delusional projects and generously financed them. For example, she sent Valerian with the army on a campaign, the goal of which was to conquer Persia, and then India. It is believed that the brothers persuaded the Empress to the brutal suppression of the Polish insurrection, the elimination of Poland as an independent state, persecution of Radishchev, Novikov and persecuted Freemasons.

At the peak of power

As Plato Zubov entered into force,Catherine II showered him and his numerous relatives with great bounties, who came to Petersburg for ranks and riches. The favorite's father, Alexander Nikolayevich, becoming a senator, took bribes and traded his son's patronage. Other Zubovs did not lag behind him.

By this time Platon Zubov has already fully enteredto the taste of power, especially since all those around him contributed to it. The great general AV Suvorov gladly married him for his beloved daughter. Another our military genius - MI Kutuzov - according to the memoirs of his contemporaries, considered it an honor to personally weld Zubov coffee, and the poet Derzhavin devoted him laudatory ode. In general, everyone, as best he could, tried to please the darling of fate. The well-known portrait of Platon Zubov's brush Ivan Eggink, stored in the Hermitage and presented at the beginning of this article, depicts him in that happy time.

End of a fairy tale

The end of such a brilliant career came on November 171796, when in the Winter Palace his patron - Empress Catherine II - suddenly died. Among those who sincerely mourned this death, was primarily Platon Zubov - favorite of Catherine 2, whose biography from that day began to develop in a completely different direction.

Despite all the fears that ascended to the throneEmperor Paul I did not oppress his mother's favorite, but simply sent him away under a plausible pretext abroad. However, soon news came to him that he began to smuggle his multimillion fortune abroad, than he did a tangible loss to the Russian financial system. In those days, such cases did not go away, and the angry emperor ordered to seize all his property.

Complicity in the murder

Remaining abroad without the means sufficient forcovering his exorbitant expenses, Zubov was forced to return to his homeland, where he immediately joined the number of conspirators who were preparing the overthrow of Paul I. In the fateful night for the emperor on March 11, 1801, Zubov was among those who entered the Mikhailovsky Palace. Plato, according to the memories of the participant of the events of Count Benigsen, was the first to break into the emperor's bedroom, followed by his own brothers Valerian and Nikolai. Perhaps, not his hand dealt a death blow to the crown, but the blood of the anointed of God lies on him.

On the reign of Alexander I Zubov entrustedgreat hopes, as personally participated in the elimination of his predecessor. He showed great zeal in his affairs, drawing up projects of state reorganization (meaningless, as in previous years), and even became one of the authors of the law on the abolition of serfdom that remained unaccepted. By nature, he was a typical opportunist, who branded a revolution in the time of Catherine, and in the reign of her grandson Alexander, who rallied for the constitution.

But all his attempts were fruitless. As you know, under Alexander I none of the former conspirators was marked by high state posts. Moreover, internally suffering remorse, the emperor tried to get rid of those who reminded him of the tragic death of his father. Among them was Zubov. Platon Aleksandrovich, having submitted to the circumstances, left the capital and settled in Lithuania, where, at the time of his brilliant career, received as a gift from Catherine II a luxurious estate.

The prototype of the "stingy knight"

In the last period of his life Platon Zubov -favorite Catherine II and the owner of untold wealth - became famous as an incredible miser, equal to whom it was difficult to find. Keeping in the cellars of his castle chests filled with gold (according to the most conservative estimates, his fortune amounted to twenty million rubles), he shamelessly robbed his own peasants, making them the poorest in the district. Painfully enduring even the most insignificant expenses, he did not hesitate to walk in old and tattered clothes, regretting the money to buy a new one.

His only joy was, descending intocellar, contemplate the treasures stored in the dusty chests. It is known that the prototype for the writing of Pushkin by his famous "Mean Knight" was Zubov. Plato, with the years more and more losing his human face, only once, as though waking from a dream, showed a former interest in life.

The last years of life of the former favorite

The legend tells that shortly before his death heaccidentally saw at the fair a young girl of incredible beauty - the daughter of a local landowner. By that time he was already a widower and wanted to marry a young beauty. After receiving a categorical refusal from her, the old madman took out of his cellar a chest in which a million rubles was kept in gold, and simply bought a hard-working girl from her father.

Platon Zubov ended his life in 1822 inCourland. After his death, the beautiful widow transported the remains to Petersburg, where they repaired in the ancestral tomb located in one of the churches of the Trinity-Sergius desert in Strelna. His last shelter he found next to the road that the brilliant motorcade had been moving thirty-three years ago, and he, a handsome twenty-year-old, was prancing on a horse before the eyes of an aging empress ...