What did the policy of thaw in the spiritual sphere mean? The revival of culture in the 1950s and 1960s
On March 5, 1953, an event occurred,radically changed the course of foreign and domestic policy of the USSR. Stalin died. By this time, repressive methods of governing the country had already exhausted themselves, so the henchmen of the Stalinist course urgently needed to carry out certain reforms aimed at optimizing the economy and implementing social transformations. This time was called the thaw. What the policy of the thaw in the spiritual sphere meant, what new names appeared in the cultural life of the country can be read in this article.
XX Congress of the CPSU
In 1955, after the resignation of Malenkov, the headThe Soviet Union is Nikita Khrushchev. In February 1956, at the 20th Congress of the CPSU, his famous speech about the personality cult was sounded. After that, the authority of the new leader became noticeably stronger, despite the resistance of Stalin's proteges.
The Twentieth Congress gave rise to various reformatorybeginning in our country, reviving the process of cultural reformation of society. What the policy of the thaw in the spiritual and literary life of people meant, one can learn from new books and novels published at that time.
Politics thaw in literature
In 1957, a publication published abroadthe famous work of B. Pasternak "Doctor Zhivago." Despite the fact that this work was prohibited, it disperse in huge copies in samizdatnyh copies made on old typewriters. The same fate comprehended the works of M. Bulgakov, V. Grossman and other writers of the time.
Illustrative is the publication of the famousSolzhenitsyn's works One Day of Ivan Denisovich. The story, which describes the terrible routine of the Stalin camp, the chief political scientist Suslov rejected immediately. But the editor of the magazine "New World" was able to show the story Solzhenitsyn personally NS Khrushchev, after which it was given permission to publish.
Works exposing Stalinist repression, found their readers.
The ability to convey their thoughts to readers, publish their works in spite of censorship and the authorities - that is what the policy of thaw in the spiritual sphere and literature of that time meant.
Revival of theater and cinema
In the 50's and 60's, the theater is going through its secondbirth. About what the policy of the thaw in the spiritual sphere and the theatrical art meant, the best repertoire of the advanced scenes of the middle of the century will best tell. The productions about workers and collective farmers have gone into oblivion, the classic repertoire and works of the twenties of the twentieth century are returning to the stage. But the team style of the work was still dominant in the theater, and administrative posts were handled by incompetent and semi-literate officials. Because of this many performances have not seen their viewers: the plays of Meyerhold, Vampilov and many others have remained lying under the cloth.
The thaw had a beneficial effect on filmmaking. Many films of that time became known far beyond our country. Such works as "The Cranes Are Flying", "Ivan's Childhood", won prestigious international awards.
Religious Persecution
Reduction of political pressure on variousside of people's lives has not touched the religious policy of the state. The persecution of the spiritual and religious leaders intensified. Khrushchev himself was the initiator of the anti-religious company. Instead of physical extermination of believers and religious figures of various faiths, the practice of public ridicule and debunking of religious prejudices was applied. Basically, everything that the policy of thaw meant in the spiritual life of believers was reduced to "re-education" and condemnation.
Outcomes
Unfortunately, the period of cultural blossoming did not last long. The final point in the thaw was the landmark event of 1962 - the destruction of the art exhibition at the Manezh.
