Device and principle of operation of the transformer

Purpose and types of transformer.

The transformer is a staticelectromagnetic equipment, during which an AC conversion with voltage transformation takes place. Those. this device allows it to be lowered or increased. Installed in power plants transformers carry out long-distance transmission of electricity at high voltages up to 1150kV. And already directly in places of consumption there is a voltage decrease, within the limits of 127-660В. At such values, various electric consumers usually work, which are installed in factories, factories and in apartment houses. Electrical appliances, electric welding and other elements in the high voltage circuit also require the use of a transformer. They are single- and three-phase, two-and multi-winding.

There are several types of transformers,each of which is determined by its functions and purpose. A power transformer converts electrical energy into networks that are designed to use and receive this energy. The current transformer serves as a measurement of large currents in devices of electrical systems. The voltage transformer converts high voltage to low voltage. The autotransformer has an electrical and electromagnetic coupling, due to the direct connection of the primary and secondary windings. The pulse transformer converts the pulse signals. The separating transformer is characterized in that the primary and secondary windings are not electrically connected to each other. In short, in all forms of the principle of the transformer is somewhat similar. Still it is possible to allocate the hydrotransformer which principle of work consists in transfer of the twisting moment to a gear box from the engine of the car. This device allows you to steplessly change the speed and torque.

The device and the principle of the transformer.

The principle of the transformer ismanifestation of electromagnetic induction. This device consists of a magnetic circuit and two windings that are located on it. One is supplied with electricity, and consumers are connected to the second. As already mentioned above, these windings are called primary and secondary, respectively. The magnetic circuit is made of electrotechnical sheet steel, the elements of which are insulated with varnish. Its part, on which the windings are located, is called the core. And it is this design that has become more widespread, because has a number of advantages - simple insulation of windings, ease of repair, good cooling conditions. Apparently, the principle of the transformer is not so complicated.

There are also armored transformersThe design, which significantly reduces their overall dimensions. Most often these are single-phase transformers. In such equipment, the lateral yokes play the protective role of winding from mechanical damage. This is a very important factor, because small transformers do not have a casing and are located with the rest of the equipment in a common location. Three-phase transformers are most often performed with three rods. Armored rod structure is also used in high power transformers. Although this increases the cost of electricity, but it allows you to reduce the height of the magnetic circuit.

There are transformers by the method of connectionrods: butt and laminated. The butt rods and yokes are assembled separately and connected by fastening parts. And in the laminated sheets are collected lapped. The fused transformers have received a greater use, tk. they have much higher mechanical strength.

The principle of operation of the transformer also depends on the winding, which are cylindrical, disk and concentric. Equipment of large and medium power has a gas relay.