Dislocations - this is what? What does the deployment of military units, ships, wagons, road signs or justices of the peace mean?
The concept of "dislocation" is used in differentspheres of activity. It can be found in science, military science, jurisprudence. For example, when distributing magistrates, they are told about their deployment. This concept was derived from Latin words, and in translation means "dislocation", "move," "move," "post," "put."
Chemistry
Consider the concept of the example of crystals. These structures may have some defects. They are similar to lines, and the atomic particles themselves are placed incorrectly. It is this change that is called dislocation in crystals. They become structurally sensitive, some of their properties change. Dislocations are violations both outside and inside. The crystal itself loses its mechanical properties, it becomes less durable and elastic.
Classification
Dislocation is edge and screw. If the crystal is ideal, then throughout its entire length the atomic planes are placed in parallel. But when they are torn inside the structure itself, this leads to an edge dislocation. This means that an extra half-plane is formed. It is called the axis of deformation. If you use a microscope, you can observe this picture in detail and see how specific the atomic rows are. If the crystal itself is cut into four parts on the plane, then the lowest layer is shifted relative to the upper one by 1 interatomic distance in the perpendicular direction, and then all the atoms are again attached at the edges opposite to each other, this picture will ideally illustrate the edge dislocation. The second incision is the direction of the shift, which is called the Burgers vector. Through it and the very line of the defect, the slip plane of this dislocation will pass. Thus, this extra plane was formed. The crystal itself has lost its appearance and looks completely different than it should.
Moving
The crystal can be deformed, but it happensnot just. At that moment, dislocations move just inside. This phenomenon is more commonly known as slip. When this process occurs, the crystal is deformed to a distance equal to the second notch. But in this case deformations are not noted between all atoms, but only between those that are near the axis. And this means that there is no need to intervene with external factors. Everything happens with relatively small voltages, especially when compared with processes in ideal crystals that change without a dislocation. This can be seen in the example of filamentary structures.
Common Properties
Both dislocations can slide perpendicular tosurface, which leads to creep. This phenomenon is due to the fact that there is diffusion of atoms, but when the temperature decreases, the mutual penetration also slows down. If there is a strong load, then all the atoms seem to oppose it and creep into the position they need. In this case, slip does not occur. And the ongoing processes are aimed at reducing the voltage. The deformation itself is directly proportional to the velocity of the dislocation. And in general, if changes without a shift are possible, then only when diffusion is carried out.
Mobility
Many factors prevent free sliding. These include, in particular, the strength of atomic compounds, the poor conductivity of electrons, for example in metals, elasticity, interaction with other dislocations, etc. In other words, the fewer these obstacles, the faster the shift becomes. And as soon as the voltage increases, so does the sliding. In general, mathematicians have argued that dislocations are topological defects. They are stably formed in crystals. And if two shifts occur, then they will kill each other, disappear. A single dislocation will disappear only when it goes beyond the boundaries of the structure. Further we will consider other spheres of application of the given concept.
Armed forces
At first glance, an incomprehensible combination of words, andIn fact, everything is quite simple. The deployment of troops is only the alignment of the armed forces, military personnel, units, ships, naval bases. It can occur both in the territory of the country to which they belong, and beyond its borders. The place of deployment is the area where troops are deployed before an important battle. The command staff at the same time clarifies where to whom to send, where to move to carry out military operations. Any changes in the placement require a strict permit. Only companies, battalions and batteries can be moved at the request of the regiments, the commanders in which they are located, and the division chief can dispose of the battalion, but it is forbidden to leave the specified area. There are special dislocation maps. They include conventional signs of the deployment of forces.
Ships
But the maps on which the dislocation is indicatedvessels, carry an information function. In other words, they can not be used to determine the correct course in sea-going. A special identification system is used for mapping. On the drawn up diagram, it shows where and where the movement of the ships takes place.
Railway transport
On the territory of Ukraine, Russia, Belarus,Kazakhstan, the Baltic States and the CIS countries a regular dislocation of cars is carried out. And once or twice a day, information on the placement of the trains is made. These processes occur directly on schedule. You can track movement and distribution manually. There are also automatic methods. They assume special options. One of them is called "Request to Station".
Scheme for the deployment of road signs
The entire placement system should includeseveral factors. Thus, it is mandatory to have a road map for cars, curves of curves and longitudinal slopes. In addition, there should be road markings, layout of signs and restrictions, navigation and position of traffic lights, transitions (both ground and underground). It is obligatory to mark the light, stops of public transport. There are many applications that make it possible to determine the dislocation of road signs at a particular location. They resemble a map or navigation.
Other cases
In nature, there is even a dislocation of the brain. This phenomenon occurs when certain structures are shifted relative to others. This process leads to different diseases, in particular, to a disruption in circulation, etc. Since the brain does not completely fill the skull, it can move, under certain factors, thereby deforming. Subsequently, in the absence of timely treatment, the body ceases to function properly.
Conclusion
So, a dislocation is a multifaceted concept. It is used in many spheres. This can apply to crystals, to traffic, to military equipment and even to the brain. In each sphere the term acquires an additional meaning, a narrower meaning in accordance with the region under consideration.
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