Republic of Turkmenistan. Population of the country

In 1995, Turkmenistan conducted aa census of the population, according to the results of which there were 4,483,300 people in the country. The census data showed that out of the total number of residents 2,225,300 were the male population of the republic, and 2,258,000 were female. More information about this amazing country is given below.

Number of inhabitants and population density of Turkmenistan

By the end of the last decade of the twentieth centurythe population of Turkmenistan has increased to 5 million people. At the same time, the concentration of residents across the republic varies significantly. The average density of the population of Turkmenistan was 10.2 people per square kilometer.

The predominant part of the citizens of the republicis concentrated in oases. In these regions, the population density reaches two hundred people per square kilometer. At the same time, 80% of the territory of Turkmenistan is not inhabited at all. In particular, the Karakum Desert. Oases on the territory of Turkmenistan have a narrow and elongated shape and are located along the flow of rivers and canals. Therefore, the resettlement of residents acquires exactly the same appearance on the map with an expansion in the lower reaches of the rivers Murgab and Hedgei.

Tendencies to increase the number of residents of Turkmenistan

Estimating the dynamics of population growththis country, you should pay attention to a few interesting details. So, since Soviet times in the period from 1960 to 1990, a permanent increase in the number of inhabitants of the republic was observed. Over this period Turkmenistan's population grew 1.7 times, and the annual increase was from 130 to 150 thousand people, which was approximately 2.9% of the total number of inhabitants. And what now? Turkmenistan is the leader among all the CIS countries in terms of population growth, which is 3.5% per year. The most impressive indicators are shown by the rural part of the republic.

Natural increase in population

At the same time, it should be stressed thatFor the last ten years the rate of natural increase in the population of Turkmenistan has significantly decreased. This trend is typical not only for this country, but for all CIS countries. As an example, several indicative figures can be cited. So, in 1991 the natural growth rate was 26.3%, which was the third indicator among the countries of the former USSR after Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.

And already in 1999 this value decreased to 13.1%. Thus, Turkmenistan has also passed on to Kyrgyzstan. The main reason for the decrease in natural growth was a decrease in the number of newborns per 1,000 inhabitants. In 1991, this indicator was 33.6%, and in 1999 - 18.5%. The mortality rate in Turkmenistan in recent years is between 5.4% and 6.5%. It should be emphasized that this state of affairs causes a constant increase in the proportion of young people among the entire population of Turkmenistan.

The current demographic situation in the country

The average Turkmen family has in its compositionfrom three to five children. This is not the limit. In rural areas, families with even more children can often be found. In the days of the Soviet Union, fertility was stimulated in a variety of ways. Nevertheless, today the rapid growth in the number of residents of the country poses a number of typical tasks for the leadership of the state, the main of which is the fight against unemployment and its consequences. At the same time, according to the National Institute of Statistics and Information of Turkmenistan, this problem is not at the moment urgent. High population growth in the country will affect the employment of the population. This is considered in the medium term.

Employment in Turkmenistan

In the context of the foregoing, it would be appropriate tostatistical data. To date, the employment indicator of Turkmenistan is 1.6 - 1.9 million people. In recent years, it has a tendency to constant fluctuations. The first place in employment is occupied by the primary sector of the economy. Thus, about 48% of all working people work in agriculture and forestry. The service sector employs 34% of the population of Turkmenistan, in industry - 12%.

It will not be superfluous to report that by quantitycitizens engaged in construction, Turkmenistan is among the top three among the CIS countries. In this rating, only the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus are located.

It should be noted that Turkmenistan has a small andthe average business is not developed well enough, even by the standards of the Central Asian states. This region is characterized by a high role of its own subsidiary farms. Nevertheless, in Turkmenistan, state enterprises employ over 39% of employed people. It should also be noted a large percentage of hired employees. There are about 80%.

Turkmenistan is one of the ten largest natural gas producers in the world. Despite this, GDP per capita in Turkmenistan is only about 6,622 US dollars. This is the IMF data for 2016.

Ethnic composition of Turkmen people

Turkmenistan'shalf of all representatives of this people living in the whole world. They can be found in other countries. For example, there is a large Turkmen diaspora in Iran - 1 million people. More than 500,000 representatives of this nationality live in Afghanistan, another 300,000 people have found their home in Iraq. According to the 1995 census, Turkmen constitute 76.7% of the total population of Turkmenistan.

Now let's talk about other nationalities,living in the territory of this country. Among large ethnic groups, it is necessary to single out Uzbeks - 9.2% of the total number of inhabitants, Russians - 6.7%, Kazakhs - 2.2% and Armenians - 0.8%.

In recent years, Turkmenistan hasthe tendency of the outflow of Russian-speaking residents from the country. A similar phenomenon is observed in other states of the region. Russian-speaking people traditionally prevail among citizens engaged in industrial production, including in the gas sector. This forces the government of Turkmenistan to pursue a policy aimed at creating good conditions for the life and work of such residents of the country.

It should be emphasized that in thisdomestic nationalism is widespread. In all the years after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Turkmenistan has not recorded a single conflict based on inter-ethnic or inter-confessional hostility.