Sconceset writing: examples

Let's talk about the spelling of various words and rules of the Russian language - both simple and insidious. Today, we will analyze such a rule, as a merged writing of prefixes and separate writing of prepositions.

Prefix - what is it?

Before trying to understand how to write correctlyprefix, let's remember what it is. The prefix (in the scientific terminology - the prefix) is a morpheme that lies before the root and serves to form new words: swim - swim away, sail, swim.

There is a word in Russian, in which the prefixis in an atypical place - between the roots. This word "world-vision-vision." But this is a subtlety of morphomics, in this article we will not touch them. The topic of this review will be a merged writing of consoles and cases of hyphenation between the prefix and the root.

Prefix and excuse

The prefix can not exist separately from the word. In this case, this is an excuse. As we recall, a preposition is not a morpheme, but a part of speech that connects words to phrases. But to write through the hyphen the prefix can! And every part of the speech has its own cases of this writing and how to distinguish the prefix from the preposition. Most of them will seem familiar to someone else from the school bench, and some, perhaps, will be a discovery.

Split-type consoles and separatewriting prepositions is a rule of grammar, which is considered one of the main. To be able to correctly write prefixes in words is very important, so as not to be illiterate. So let's learn!

An interesting science of etymology, studying the history of words, argues that most prefixes came from prepositions. In modern language, these prefixes correspond in meaning to a similar preposition: joyless - without joy, the river - beyond the river. But there are also those who do not have a similar pretext. For example, the right, right, and others.

Prefixes that are always written together

Conjugated writing of consoles for Russian is considered the norm (in the event that we found out that this is a prefix, not an excuse).

Write together with the words of Russian consoles without, on, on, pre-, o-, obo-, c-, from-, ra-, up-, down-, super-, inter-, over-, sub-, over-, , pre-, pro--, rare attachment pa- (for example, in a word stepson) and many others. Examples: bleak, heartless, prehistory, make, use up, source, enormous, squat, dash, unpack, douse, call and so on.

Some words have foreign prefixes, most of which are also supposed to be written together. These are consoles anti-, arch-, a-, des-, ir-, trans- and some others: illogical, transcontinental, irrational, misinformation.

There are Russian prefixes that can, in certain cases, be written through a hyphen. it (in-of-), some-. Separate sections of the article will be devoted to them.

Cases to remember

Among the consoles of foreign origin there are those whose writing should be remembered.

• Console the ex- in the sense of "former, past" is written through a hyphen: ex-president, ex-leader, ex-favorite.
• Console counter- is written through a hyphen in a word Rear Admiral. Other words with this prefix are supposed to be written together: counteragent, counterattack.

When writing words of foreign origin or containing parts of foreign origin, it is better to refer to the dictionary, since they may not obey the rules of the Russian language.

Further we will continue to study the combined writing of prefixes and the separate writing of prepositions, examples and cases of using atypical, rare prefixes will also be presented.

Warm-up: verb and prefix

Let's start with this, perhaps, the simplest rule: how to determine whether the prefix is ​​before us or the preposition, if it concerns the verb? The answer can only be one: it's a prefix. In which word? In any! If the word is a verb, then before it there can never be an excuse. So, what caused our difficulty is this prefix, and it is necessary to write it down. Ran a tree, read about the sea and so on. There are no exceptions. Try to make a sentence so that the preposition is before the verb. Does not exceed? That's the whole story! The fusion of prefixes in a verb is the rule without exceptions.

Do not forget about the insidious word "not", which canto mislead and seem an excuse. NOT - this is not an excuse, NOT is a particle, because it does not serve to connect words, but introduces a negative connotation of meaning. And the particle is NOT written with verbs, of course, separately (except those words that are not used without it and in which this is NOT, most likely, part of the root).

Spelling of consoles - independent parts of speech

The school program allocates many hours tostudying writing prefixes. The fusion of prefixes and the separate writing of prepositions (Grade 5, Grade 6 and Grade 7) is explained throughout many lessons in the study of almost all parts of speech.

Although the rule is not considered the most difficult, but allit is in the spelling of consoles that errors often occur. Not only schoolchildren, but also adults often puzzle over whether to write the word together or separately, the preposition before it or the prefix. In order not to rack your brains, you just need to understand and remember a few simple rules, to which the combined writing of prefixes is subject. Examples will be considered in the following sections of the article, we will pay attention to each part of speech separately.

Prefixes of nouns and adjectives

This rule is also not the most difficult. Conjunctive writing of prefixes (class 3 already devotes lessons to this rule) nouns and adjectives is very simple to check. Between a prefix and a word it is impossible to put another word or a semantic question, and between a preposition and a word it is possible: coastal - at (what?) yard, prankster - about (interesting) history.

Recall that a preposition can only refer to a noun, even if the adjective "wedges" between them.

Insidious Adverb

With this part of the speech things are more complicated. In this case, it is easy to determine whether the prefix before us or the preposition (before the adverb, as well as before the verb, the preposition can not stand). The difficulty is that the prefix with an adverb is written not only together, but also through a hyphen. The fusion of prefixes in dialects, the rules of hyphenation - this all deserves close attention.

So, the first part of the rule: prefixes with adverbs are written together in most cases (except for those that require a hyphen, but they will be discussed below). In vain, frightened, naked, poboku etc.

The second part of the rule concerns several consoles, which in dialects can be written through a hyphen. The next section of the article is devoted to them.

The spelling of consoles of dialects through a hyphen

When it comes to adverbs, a coherent spellingconsoles - a rule with some caveats, because in this part of the speech the prefixes are often written and hyphenated. There are not very many cases of hyphens in adverbs, and this section of the article will require only a couple of points. So, prefixes in dialects are written through a hyphen if:

1. This prefix is, and the adverb has suffixes-to him or to him-in an amicable, businesslike way.
2. This prefix is, and the adverb has a suffix -i: in a brotherly, in Arabic.
3. This prefix is ​​vo- (in-), and adverbs have suffixesfirst or fourth, and so on. Such words are formed from ordinal numerals, and in the sentence they often act as input words.

Prefix NOT with nouns, adjectives and adverbs

Spelling NOT with different wordsalways stands alone among other rules. It's a very difficult prefix, with each part of speech and in each case behaves differently. But there are several general rules for nouns, adjectives and adverbs that make it possible to distinguish the prefix HE from a negative particle NOT.

• If a word with NOT can be replaced by a similar value, it is NOT a prefix: quiet - quiet, dim - dull, unfriendly - hostility.
• If a word with NON in the sentence is or is presentin view of the opposition, it is NOT a particle and is written separately: not deep, but shallow; not pleasant, but repulsive; not a lamp, but a floor lamp; he is not my husband (it is assumed that someone else).
• In words that are not used without HE (suchas slovenly, negligent, absurd, and not others) NOT - this is not a prefix, but part of the root. In such words, it is difficult to correctly identify morphemes, if you do not know their etymology (ie origin).

Pronouns and consoles

Pronouns are a special group of words thatnothing is indicated, but only point to an object or attribute. Their morphemic composition is also atypical. As a rule, these are short monosyllabic or disyllabic words: you, they, such as etc. In pronouns, the combined writing of consoles, examples of which follow later, is a rather interesting but easy rule.

Perhaps, the only prefix that can be in pronouns is the prefix NOT. It occurs in negative pronouns and is written together with them, if there is no preposition between the prefix and the word. There is no one - no one, no one - no one, no time, no place, no reason.

Recall that in negative pronouns, the prefix is ​​NOT just under stress. If the stress falls on another part of the word, then it should be written NI. Someone came up to us - no one wanted to leave; there is nobody to admire - I do not admire anyone; no one to walk with - I do not talk to anyone; a few letters - I do not regret it at all.

There is a prefix that happens only in pronouns and is written through a hyphen. This prefix is ​​some- thing: somehow, some, some here and there. Breaks away from the word, i.е. spelled with him separately, this prefix in the case if any pretext "wedges": someone, for something, about something.

Cunning consoles of half- and half-

The prefix of sex is usually found in nouns, and its insidiousness is that it is written together, then through a hyphen. When is it necessary to put a hyphen?

1. If the prefix follows any vowel sound: half an apple, a half-watermelon, half-Arkhangelsk.
2. If after the prefix - the capital letter: half of Sochi, half of Paris, half of Kaliningrad.
3. If after the prefix there is a consonant -l-: half-lime, half-palm, half-London.

In other cases, the prefix is ​​written together: polklassa, half a house, half the city, half a village and so on.

With the prefix semi-everything is much simpler: it is always written together, to whatever part of the speech the word refers: half-finished, half-literate.

The merging of prefixes half and half and cases of hyphenation is one of the most easily remembered rules from this topic.

Rare consoles

We continue to study the merging of consoles. Examples of the variety of prefixes of the Russian language are endless. Who would have thought that there is in the Russian language, for example, the prefix yu, and it occurs in only one word - holy fool (its analogue is the modern prefix y-for example, in the word ugly).

The prefix appears in just a few words: on loan, on loan, on loan and some others.

The prefix is, perhaps, only usable in two words: gradually and stealthily.

Ku is found in words bum and some others. It is believed that it is also in the word curls.

Pa- in modern language can be found only in three words: stepdaughter, stepchild and flood. As you can see, such a prefix is ​​only under stress.

Such interesting prefixes are found in the words of the Russian language. And it's not always immediately possible to understand that this is a prefix!

Let's sum up the results

So, what did we learn in the course of reading the article? Firstly, that the phrase "merging and separate writing of consoles" is erroneous: consoles can be written only together (in rare cases - through a hyphen), and if they are written separately from the word, then this is an excuse.

Secondly, we learned (or maybe justremember), how to distinguish the prefix from the preposition. Each part of speech has its own rules, which every literate person should know, since the ability to distinguish a prefix from a preposition is the basics of grammar.

Almost every prefix corresponds to a similar pretext, and only a few prefixes do not.

The prefix NOT has an analogue is not an excuse, but a particle. The distinction between a prefix and a particle is NOT a special rule, considered one of the most difficult in spelling. Each part of the speech has its own nuances.

A hyphen can only write prefixes in theadverbs or pronouns, as well as a prefix of nouns in nouns. There are very few such prefixes, it is very easy to learn them. In adverbs, these prefixes are, in, in, (in the presence of certain suffixes), in pronouns - the prefix of something (in the absence of a preposition between it and the word).

Particular attention requires a half- and a half. They are written in accordance with a clear rule: half can be written and merged, and hyphenated, and half-only combined.

We must remember the most important rule of distinguishing between preposition and prefix: the prefix can not be "torn" from the word by a question or a clarifying word, whereas the preposition of a word is separated very easily.

We have studied the combined writing of prefixes, examples of hyphenation, and we hope that this rule will not cause anyone any more trouble. Let's write competently!