Closed and open syllables in English: what do they influence?
As a rule, the modern standard schoolthe English program does not provide for some important points in the training, and among them is the ability to determine the type of the syllable and, accordingly, to correctly read the entire word. How can this be done?
Syllables in English
Some theoretical aspects of linguistics are notare always required for beginners. Perhaps, the number of optional skills for those who do not learn English at a professional level, is syllabism. Usually this does not present serious difficulties, however in this case it is necessary to know the basic rules, since they differ significantly from those that are accepted in Russian phonetics.
The general rule is that the number of syllablescorresponds to the number of vowel sounds. This means that you do not have to look at the letters, but listen to the pronunciation of the word, because in English there are abounding vowels, diphthongs, etc. In addition, the so-called sonorous consonants can be syllabic, so that the word "mild" is divided thus: mi | ld. In the future it becomes clear why this is happening.
Syllaberation is made from the end of the word: student - stu | dent, money - mo | ney, permission - per | mis | sion.
Consonant, which is located on the border of twosyllables, thus, is adjacent to the next vowel behind it. Doubled sounds are divided. All this matters if you need to find out how to pronounce one or another unfamiliar word. Also, you need to know about closed and open syllables in English.
Influence on reading rules
Types of syllables in English differ from the classification in Russian. There are four varieties, while in others, as a rule, only two.
First, it's an open syllable. In English it ends in a vowel sound. The rules of reading come into play.
The second type is a closed syllable. It ends with one or more consonants (except for "r"). In this case, the vowels are read briefly.
Of course, there are exceptions to all the rules. Closed and open syllables in English are not a guarantee that vowels will be read in one way or another. However, such cases are not so common.
By the way, first of all, for the rightpronunciation of the word you need to define the stressed syllable, because that, open or closed, is of paramount importance. Vowels in the rest, as a rule, are pronounced fairly neutrally or completely mute. But with accents, there are usually problems, because English refers to languages with their free placement.
Open
To this type of syllable are those thatend with a vowel. Analyzing the word visually, it is necessary to take into account the presence of a dumb "e" at the end, since it opens the previous syllable.
The general rules of reading in this case are as follows:
- a [ei] - pale, name;
- e [i:] - to be, she;
- i [ai] - to bite, kite;
- o [ou] - to go, so;
- u [ju] - to use, pupil;
- y [ai] - to type.
But this does not always work, for example, in the word "tocome "phonetically" o "does not conform to the accepted rules, despite the mute" e "at the end of the word, in this case it is read according to the closed syllable principle.
Closed
Syllables of this type, unlike open ones, always end with consonants (except r).
Accordingly, the vowels in this case are pronounced briefly and easily.
- a [æ] - bad, cat;
- e [e] - to let, pen;
- i [i] - list, to sit;
- o [ɔ] - to lock, pot;
- u [ʌ] - must, sun;
- y [i] - myth.
Closed syllable in English is found,perhaps, somewhat less often than the open one. This is due to the fact that at the end of the word there is often a mute "e". But closed and open syllables in English, unlike Russian, are not the only types. There are two more varieties that are not always considered. But their features are also important to consider when studying the rules for reading vowels.
Conditionally open
These two types of syllables are sometimes calledhalf-closed. They end in "r" or "re". In theory, in this case it will be, respectively, closed and open syllables. In English everything is not so, and the vowels, being in front of these combinations, acquire a new, more complex sound, before "re" some of them even become diphthongs.
- a [a:] - park, dark;
- e [ə:] - term, her;
- i [ə:] - bird;
- o [ɔ:] - port, short, world;
- u [ə:] - to burn;
- y [ə:] - Myrtle.
In the second, if there are "re" after the vowels, they will sound different:
- a [ɛə] - to care, nightmare;
- e [iə] - here, mere;
- i [aiə] - fire;
- o [ɔ:] - core;
- u [juə] - cure, sure, pure;
- y [aiə] - tyre.
In addition to the fact that open and closed syllables inEnglish, as well as the third and fourth types affect the reading of certain vowels, there is a huge number of letters, which also have a special sound. This knowledge can be obtained both in theory and simply memorize the transcription of words, meeting with them in practice.
For simple use of the language in everyday communication or correspondence, you may not even know such subtleties as rules for dividing words and classifying syllables.
The rules for reading vowels have so manyexceptions, which almost lose all meaning. That is why closed and open syllables in English are more interesting and useful for linguists than for ordinary people.
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