The historical process and its subjects

History is our past. She tells about all the events and facts that accompanied our ancestors. It is a science that deals with the study of past events, the reasons for which they occurred, and the clarification of the truth. Basic data and results are obtained from stored documents that tell about specific incidents.

The historical process, according to V.O. Klyuchevsky, this is a set of successes, conditions and the course of human life or the life of mankind as a whole in its development and results.

The very word "process" is a succession of states in the course of the development of a phenomenon.

The basis of the historical process, of course, aredevelopments. It is in them that any activity of people and of humanity as a whole is embodied. Political, economic, social, cultural ties and relations between individuals are also noted here.

The subjects of the historical process are individualsor organizations of people who directly participate in certain events. Such organizations can be social communities that live in the same territory and have the same mentality, culture and traditions. The result of their activities will be the creation of common for each individual material and spiritual values.

Social groups may differ in age,sexual, professional, religious characteristics, but they must also have signs that unite them. Such groups are, for example, estates, states and various classes of the population.

Subjects can be attributed to individuals,who directly took part in historical events. More often those are considered politicians, monarchs, kings, presidents. A huge contribution to the historical process is made by people of culture, art and science.

From the point of view of K. Marx and F.Engels historical process should be regarded as a doctrine of socio-economic formations, which are the steps of this process. The decisive factor in the development of society is the mode of production. That is, the ratio of the development of production forces and production relations. Whereas the structure of politics and spiritual development are just a superstructure that depends on the modes of production. Individual facts and events are the results of a social revolution that arose in the face of conflicting interests between classes. K.Marks and F.Engels considered the historical process through the prism of communism, which acts as the ultimate goal.

Adherents of the theory of post-industrial society also talk about the gradual development of mankind from pre-agrarian to post-industrial society.

Proceeding from the modernization theory, the society receiveddevelopment as a result of the transition from specific traditional relations to formal rational. The most important features of society include individual freedom of the individual, freedom of economic activity, the inviolability of human rights, the rule of law and political pluralism.

There is also an opposite to the formational, civilizational approach. Adherents of the linear-staged theory favor the definition of the criterion of stage-steps in the system of cultural values.

According to the theory of local civilizations (one of the branchescivilizational approach), the periodization of the historical process can not be based on the allocation of stages-stages. The founder of this direction is A.Toynby. In his scholarly works he divides world history into the history of individual civilizations, each of which passes through all stages separately (from emergence to breaking and decomposition). And only their totality is the world historical process.

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