Structure of the throat and larynx of a person: photo

In this article, the reader will find information onthe structure of the human throat, its constituent elements and functions. In addition, we will consider what are the nasopharynx, oropharynx and larynx. We will become acquainted with the peculiarities of the anatomical structure of these structures.

What is the throat and throat?

Throat is one of the most important organshuman body, refers to the upper respiratory tract. Its structure promotes the movement of air through the respiratory organs, and food allows you to enter the digestive tract. In addition, the region includes a huge number of important for human life of the nervous tissue, blood vessels and pharyngeal muscles. In the structure of the throat, the main parts are represented by the pharynx and larynx.

By their continuation they form a trachea. The structure of the throat and larynx is arranged in such a way that the first of these structures is responsible for the movement of air into the lungs, and the food in the stomach, and the second structure takes responsibility for the vocal cords.

Principle of the device

The throat is a very complex organ responsible for breathing, speaking and promoting food.

In short, its structure is based,as we said earlier, on the pharynx (pharynx) and larynx (larynx). Since this organ is a conducting channel, it is very important that all of its muscles work smoothly and correctly. Inconsistency in their activities will lead to the fact that food can get into the system of breathing and create a dangerous situation, even bring to a lethal outcome.

The structure of the child's throat is the same as that of theadults. But children have narrower cavities and tubes. As a consequence, every disease that causes swelling of these tissues can be extremely dangerous. It is desirable for a person to know the structure of such an organ, since this can be useful in the case of care for him and for treatment. In the pharynx, the nasopharynx and the pharyngeal are isolated.

Pharynx

Pharynx (pharynx) is a conical structure,upside down. Located behind the mouth and falls to the neck. The cone is wider at the top. It is located next to the base of the skull, which gives it more strength. The lower part is combined with the larynx. The layer of tissue covering the pharynx from the outside is represented by the continuation of the layer of oral tissues lying outside. He has many glands producing mucus, which is involved in the process of moistening the throat when eating and talking.

Nasopharyngeal component

In the structure of the throat and larynx, the structures that form them, for example, the nasopharynx and the oropharynx, are mentioned. Let us consider one of them.

The nasopharynx is a part of the pharynx that occupies the upperposition. Bottom limited by a soft sky, which during the swallowing begins to move up. Thus it covers the nasopharynx. This is necessary to protect it from getting into the respiratory tract food particles. In the upper wall of the nasopharynx there are adenoids - tissue clusters located behind its wall. This organ also has a tunnel connecting the throat with the middle ear. Such an education is called the Eustachian tube.

The oropharynx is ...

Another element in the structure of the throat and larynx of a person is the oropharynx.

This fragment is located behind the oral cavity. Its main function is to conduct a flow of air from the mouth into the respiratory system. This part is more mobile, in comparison with a nasopharynx. Thanks to this, a person can talk while contracting the muscular tissues of the oral cavity.

We already know that in the structure of the throat are isolatedcertain constituent elements, but they also include other, even smaller components. Among them, one can distinguish a language that helps, by reducing muscle systems, to promote food into the esophagus. And also there are tonsils, which are very often involved in the disease of the throat.

Acquaintance with the larynx

In the structure of the throat there is one more important constituent fragment - the larynx.

This body occupies space at the level of the 4th,5 th and 6 th cervical vertebra. Above the larynx there is a hyoid bone, and in front a group of sublingual muscles is formed. Lateral areas rests on the thyroid gland. The area located behind, bears in itself a throat fragment of the pharynx.

Cartilages form the skeleton of this area, connecting with each other through ligaments, muscle groups and joints. Among them, pair and unpaired.

Pairwise cartilage:

• aryed pair;
• carob-shaped pair;
• wedge-shaped pair.

Unpaired cartilage:

• cricoid;
• epiglottis;
• thyroid.

In the muscular system of the larynx, three maingroup of muscle formations. Among them there are tissues responsible for reducing the lumen of the glottis, tissues designed to expand the vocal cords, and tissues that strain the vocal cords.

General information on the structure of the larynx

The larynx has an entrance in front of which is locatedepiglottis, and on the sides are located cherpalonadgortan folds, represented by a number of tubercles of wedge shaped. Behind the organ lie the arytenoid cartilages, represented by the horn-shaped tubercles. These fragments are located on the mucous membrane, along its lateral parts. The laryngeal cavity includes an antechamber, a podogolovoy area and an interventricular department.

The first part begins in the region of the epiglottis and extends to the folds. Here, thanks to the mucous membrane, special folds are formed, between which a slit, called the vestibule, is formed.

Podgolosovaja area - the bottom fragment of a throat, below passing in a trachea.

The interventricular department is a narrow section between the upper folds of the vestibule and the lower vocal cords.

In the larynx, a number of membranes are distinguished:

• mucous membranes;
• fibro-cartilaginous;
• connective tissue.

The main functions of the larynx are attributed to the protective, voice-forming and respiratory. Each of them has a special meaning.

The functions of respiration and protection form a close connectiontogether. This is due to the fact that the air flows to the lungs, and the flow direction is regulated. The regulation of the air path is ensured by the activity of a glottis that is capable of contraction and expansion. In addition, glands located in the ciliated epithelium perform a protective function.

The structure of the ear, throat and nose, although different, butthe interrelation of these organs in the human body is extremely large. They unite with each other and are in approximately the same areas. The activity of each component affects the work of the other. Their role is to irritate the reaction and then cause coughing when food gets in the way and the respiratory system. With this mechanism, the larynx removes food in the mouth. This body also participates in the formation of the voice. Parameters of its height and sonority are determined by the anatomical structure of the larynx. For example, a hoarse voice appears due to insufficient moistening of the ligaments.