Great natural scientists who made world discoveries

Great naturalists were famousscientists who studied nature directly interacting with it. This word can be deciphered by dividing it into two parts: "nature" is nature, and "test" is verification.

Great naturalists: list

In the period of natural science, when nature neededdescribe and study as a whole, that is, to use knowledge from various fields of science, such as botany, astronomy, zoology, mineralogy, the first naturalists appeared in different countries of the world. It is worth mentioning the scientists, and some tell us more about who managed to make interesting discoveries, when there was still so little opportunity and knowledge:

• Steve Irwin (Australia).
• Terry Irwin (Australia).
• Alice Manfield (Australia).
• José Bonifacio de Andrada and Silva (Brazil).
• Bartolomeu Lawrence de Guzmán (Brazil).
• Eric Pontoppidan (Denmark).
• Frederic Faber (Denmark).

Great naturalists were in France,Germany, Great Britain, Poland, Croatia, Switzerland and Russia, among which are Vyacheslav Pavlovich Kovrigo, Alexander Fedorovich Kotts and Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov.

The first natural scientist

Interest in nature in man appeared in ancient times, when he began to think about what plants can be eaten, and what not, how to hunt animals and how to tame them.

In ancient Greece, the first greatnatural scientists, including Aristotle. He was the first to study and observe nature and made an attempt to systematize the knowledge gained. At the same time, to his observations, the scientist attached sketches, which helped in the study. This was the first scientific manual, which was used for a long time in the study.

During his lifetime, Aristotle created a large zoological garden, and several thousand people were given help, including fishermen, shepherds, hunters, where everyone was a master in his direction.

Based on the collected information, the scientist wrote more50 books, where he divided the organisms into protozoa, which stood at the lowest stage of development, and also identified other living organisms that are more complicated. He singled out a group of animals that today are called Arthropods, they are Insects and Crustaceans.

Great naturalists: Carl Linnaeus

Gradually, knowledge accumulated, plants andanimals had to give names, but on different continents people gave their names, which caused confusion. It was especially difficult for scientists to exchange knowledge and experience, because it was difficult to understand what or who was talking about. The Aristotelian system, which was used for a long time, became obsolete and was no longer relevant when new lands were discovered.

The first who realized that it was time to put things in order was the Swedish scientist Karl Linnaeus, who did a great job in the 17th century.

He gave each kind of name, and in Latinlanguage, so that everyone can understand in different countries of the world. Also, organisms were divided into groups and classifications and received a double name (subspecies). For example, birch has the additional name as flat-leaved and dwarfish, bear brown and white.

The Linnaeus system is still used, although at different times it has been modified and supplemented, but the core of this system has remained the same.

Charles Darwin

In the 19th century, the famous scientist Charles Darwin lived in England, who contributed to the development of science and created his theory of the origin of the world, which every schoolboy knows.

Many great natural scientistsDarwin's version, which consisted in the fact that living organisms change over time, adapting to certain conditions of life. But not everyone can adapt, and the strongest survive, who, moreover, is able to pass on his best qualities to his descendants.

Russian scientists

In different years, great naturalists were in Russia, and many are aware of their merits and discoveries.

Genetic scientist Nikolai Vavilov introduced a hugecontribution to the study of cultivated plants. He collected the largest collection of seeds, which numbered about 250 thousand samples, determined their place of origin, and also developed a theory on the immunity of plants.

Great contribution to the field of immunology was made by Ilya IlyichMechnikov, studying the human body and how he fights with various viruses. The works were devoted to the study of cholera, typhoid, tuberculosis, as well as syphilis, attempts to understand the origin and find ways of fighting. He artificially caused syphilis in a monkey and described it in his works. Only for these achievements can it be classified as "great natural scientists". Biology for him was the main science: he created a theory about the origin of multicellular organisms, in deducing which he devoted much time to the study of the aging process, and believed that old age comes prematurely due to the self-poisoning of the organism by various microbes and poisons.