The exact date of the English Parliament

In today's world, almost every state has its own parliament, which is necessary to express the interests of different sectors of society. This system was one of the first to appear in medieval England.

The struggle of kings and feudal lords

In the XIII century, the island kingdom often sufferedfrom civil wars and conflicts. One of the reasons for this confusion was the struggle between the royal power and the feudal estate. Barons and lords wanted to strengthen their influence on the state in order to take part in the government of the country.

Even under King John the Landless (ruled in1199-1216), in 1215, the Magna Carta came into being. This document was drafted with the participation of barons who wanted to obtain new legal rights and protect their own privileges. The date of the formation of the British Parliament is closely connected with the Charter, which was only the "first sign" in the long process of strengthening the feudal system in the state.

Henry III

The son of John, Henry III, took the throne in 1216even in childhood. For him rules regent council. Growing up, Henry began to pursue a tough policy aimed at strengthening the royal power. Barons and other feudal lords, accustomed to the order of things, fixed by the charter of liberties, were extremely unhappy with the monarch's behavior.

In addition, Henry III surrounded himself with foreigners,including the French, who were not tolerated in London. This behavior led to a deterioration in the relationship between him and his own nobility. The only arbiter in this conflict could be the Pope - the spiritual father of all Christians. With his cooperation, Henry promised the barons that he would abide by the conditions of the Grand Charter of his father, and also agreed to establish a parliament where representatives of the aristocracy would meet. Thus, in 1258 Oxford agreements were concluded.

According to this document, there was to happenthe formation of the English Parliament. The date of this event was not specified in writing, but the king promised that a representative body would appear in the very near future. But very soon the Pope freed the monarch from promises. Henry needed money to wage wars against France and Wales. Therefore, he began to raise taxes, violating his promises, according to the Great Charter.

Baron's Rebellion

In 1263, the barons, dissatisfied with the decisions of the king,declared war on him. This group was headed by Simon de Montfort. After the battle of Lewis, Henry III, along with his son Edward, was taken prisoner. The victorious aristocrats in 1265 convened a representative body. This was the date of the English parliament. The meetings were held in the Palace of Westminster.

Date of the English ParliamentIt was marked by the fact that deputies from different estates gathered in the new representative body: not only the higher clergy and knights, but also the urban population. The deputies were divided according to the territorial principle. When the date of the English Parliament came, representatives of all cities of the country went to the Palace of Westminster. At the same time, London and five other important ports had four representatives each. Other cities sent two people. This system, adopted in the XIII century, was the embryo of the modern House of Commons.

The appearance of parliament

Simon de Montfort came to power in the country. It was he who became the man through which the emergence of the English parliament became possible. The date of this event coincided with the time of strengthening its influence in the state. However, in the spring of 1265 the legal successor Eduard escaped from captivity. He gathered around him a loyal army, with which he tried to restore the throne to his father Henry III. Because of this, the beginning of the process of the formation of the British Parliament was in the shadow of a new internecine war.

August 4 at the battle of Evesham rebellious baronswere defeated, and Simon de Montfort died. Henry III came to power again. However, the process of the formation of the English Parliament has already ended, and the monarch decided not to abandon this authority. With this king and his son, he did not pose a threat to the rule of the dynasty.

Importance of Parliament

The emergence of the English Parliament (date - 1265year) played an important role in the history of England. Now residents of various cities sent their representatives to the capital, who could directly inform the supreme authorities about the problems of ordinary people. Therefore, in the UK, every citizen knows when the English Parliament came into being. The date of this event is celebrated annually in the country.

In 1295 the parliament began to gather on newrules that have practically not changed to the present day. Now in the House there were representatives from each county. The date of the formation of the English Parliament (the year 1265) was one of those dates, thanks to which civil society was able to obtain recognition of its rights by the supreme royal authority.

Functions of Parliament

The most important function of this meeting was todetermination of taxes. In addition, his deputies could send petitions to the king. All this became possible only after these innovations took place (in the text, the date of the English parliament's appearance had already been indicated). The history of this institute is very rich. Deputies in different epochs became the spokesmen of people's discontent with power.

Since the XV century the parliament has acquired the right to takelaws that the king also had to approve. The interaction of these two branches of power allowed to obtain a balance of interests, thanks to which today in the UK there is one of the most stable political systems in the world. It was in the parliament that a new form of lawmaking appeared - the billy. They were composed by deputies, who coordinated the interests of different strata of English society.