Morphological attributes of the participle: what features does the adjective and the verb combine in themselves?

To the detailed study of participles schoolchildrenbegin in the seventh grade. Working with this part of the speech causes a lot of difficulties, as children confuse it with the adjective. This is due to the fact that outwardly they are very similar.

To learn how to accurately distinguish the sacrament fromadjective, you need to pay attention to the morphological features of the word, its role in the sentence, lexical and syntactic compatibility. But we should start with the study of theoretical foundations.

What is the sacrament?

Modern linguistics does not give an exact answer to this question. Widely distributed two versions:

1. Communion is an independent part of speech. Has a grammatical meaning of the feature of the subject by action.
2. Communion is a special verb form. The grammatical meaning is the same as in the first case.

In school practice, both options are popular,for example, in the textbook for the seventh grade, edited by Shansky NM, the following definition can be found: participle is an independent part of speech, indicating the sign of an object by action and combining the signs of a verb and an adjective. In the publication of the authorship of Razumovskaya MM, you can see another option. Here this part of the speech is presented as a verb form. In both cases, the same morphological features of the sacrament are distinguished.

What is the difficulty?

The ability to distinguish the participle from the adjectiveis of great importance for the correct use of this part of speech in written works. Coping with such a task is easy, if you remember the characteristics of these words.

The morphological features of the participle combine the individual traits of the adjective and the verb. For this reason, there is controversy about the place of this part of speech in the system of the native language.

Morphological features of the verb at the sacrament

Communion is formed from the verb stem,therefore takes over some of its features. It has such morphological categories as species, time, transitivity and recurrence. But the communion does not change in person and does not express the meaning of moods.

This part of speech can be perfect(who has traveled, drunk, found) or an imperfect species (driving, buying, verifiable). The type of participle is determined by analogy with the verb. If it answers the question "what did you do?" - an imperfect look, "what did you do?" - perfect.

Communion can be the present (produced, thought) or past tense (bought, appointed). The future is not formed.

Returnability is determined by the presence of postfix "Xia". If it is present in the structure of the word, the participle is returnable (laughing, undressing).

The transitivity and intransitivity of this part of speechidentify by its ability to combine with a direct addition (the girl who buys a doll). It should be remembered that the return participles can not be transitional.

Morphological signs of the adjective in the sacrament

Difficulties in identifying participles in the text, as alreadywas said above, arise in schoolchildren because this part of speech with its sound design is similar to the adjective. At Russian language lessons, children are purposefully given tasks to distinguish these words.

The ability to bow is the morphological sign of the participle, which was borrowed from the adjective. This part of speech can vary in numbers and cases.

Another morphological sign of the sacrament,which is also characteristic of the adjective, is a change in genera. The same word can appear in the masculine, middle or feminine gender depending on the context.

The last thing that unites these two parts of speech is the ability to form short forms.

Constant and unstable signs

The permanent morphological features of the sacrament include a pledge, a kind and a time. To non-permanent ones are gender, number, case, full or short form.

A pledge can be valid or passive. To understand what kind of participle, you can by its lexical meaning or form-building suffix. In the words of the real voice, there are morphemes like -as (-yasch), -ush (-yusch), -wash, -sh. The participles of the passive voice appear with the help of affixes -om (-em), -im, -nn, -en, -t. Only the second group is able to build short forms.

Knowledge of what communion is and whatsigns of the adjective and the verb it combines in itself, will be needed for the competent construction of sentences on the letter. In addition, after reading this article, any task where you want to correctly identify a part of the speech will be on your shoulder.