Features of poetry of past eras. Ode in literature is her wealth

In Russian poetry there is a large numbergenres, many of which are actively used by modern writers, while others have moved on to the past and are rarely used by authors. Among the latter is the ode. In literature, this is already an outdated genre, which was in demand in the era of classicism, but gradually came out of the use of the masters of the word. Let's get acquainted with this term closer.

Definition

What is an ode in the literature? The definition can be formulated as follows: it is a lyrical genre of poetry, a solemn song dedicated to a person for the purpose of exaltation, praise. Also in some texts of the genre, not a man is praised, but an important event. The first author of odes in literature is the poet of ancient Hellas, Pindar, who in his high-flown verses honored the winners of sports competitions.

In Russia, the flowering of the genre fell on the eraclassicism, when their immortal works created great classics - Derzhavin and Lomonosov. By the nineteenth century, the genre had lost its relevance, giving way to a more simple to perceive lyrics.

Specificity of the genre

Ode in the literature is a rather specific genre due to the following features:

• Use of 4-stop iambic.
• The presence of a high, often obsolete, archaic vocabulary that the conception made it difficult to understand the text.
• The text has a clear structure, at the beginning and end there must have been an address to the addressee. True, some authors have moved away from this canon.
• The abundance of rhetorical questions, lush trails, long, common sentences.
• Quite often in solemn verses one can find an amazing intertwining of lyrical and journalistic principles, which is especially characteristic of Lomonosov's work.
• Most of the works are quite large in volume.
• The replacement in the text of the pronoun "I" by "we" (which is also characteristic of Lomonosov) suggests that the author expresses not the personal opinion, but the position of the whole people.

Such works were intended for reciting aloud, only loud emotional reading was able to convey all the feelings that were burning in the author's soul. That is why many ode teach by heart.

Themes

The most frequently used themes in literature- this is the most important historical events, heroic deeds, praise of monarchs. So, the first solemn ode of Lomonosov is dedicated to the capture of the Turkish fortress Khotyn. And Derzhavin in his poetic work turned to Felice - this is how he calls Catherine II.

Ode - an interesting genre of Russian literature, inwhich we can look at a different angle from the main events of Russian history, learn the author's perception of a particular historical personality, and understand its role. That's why such difficult at first glance, but really captivating in fact works can and should be read.