Passive in German: how to use it competently

Passive in German, in principle, as in any other, is a passive voice that shows how the object of a certain action undergoes it. In addition, he often denotes the result.

Prevalence

It should be noted that the liability in Germanmuch more common if compared with the Russian. And accordingly, it is used much more often. That is why it is so important to study this topic in-depth and to learn how to apply knowledge correctly in practice. The passive in German has the following education: from transitive verbs and in the process of change one can not do without an auxiliary verb that sounds like werden. In total in this language there are two pledges - real and passive. German is known for all passive constructions. An example should be given that will show how important a liability is in constructing a sentence. So, here's the phrase: "In Deutschland wird sehr viel gearbeitet". Translated it as follows: "In Germany, a lot work." It clearly shows how the passive indicates action. In this, strictly speaking, is its function.

Transformation from active to passive

In German, this often happens. In order to passively become active, it is necessary to use the name noun, which appears in the accusative, being an object, to be turned into a subject. After that, he becomes an object expressed in the dative case and, moreover, with the preposition von. This is the only change, the other, secondary, the members remain so. However, one must not forget that a verbal form can not exist without agreement with a new subject. In principle, depending on the construction of the meaning does not change. Let's say: "Jeder Mensch macht zwei Aufgaben". This phrase is translated as follows: "Everyone does two tasks." If you build this sentence differently, namely as follows: "Die beiden Aufgaben werden von einer Person", then it will change a little, because it will sound like in Russian: "Two tasks are done by one person". The meaning is identical, as you can see, therefore it is not particularly important to use any one form.

Formation of passive voice forms

Presence is a liability in German, as follows fromThe name itself indicates a change in state. Such phrases are usually translated by personality-indefinite sentences. They can also be passive. Here it is worth noting one detail. Passive in German is an especial part of speech, therefore one must carefully consider the formation of passive voice in Plusquamperfekt, as well as in Perfekt. In these cases, use the personal form of the word sein, i.e. auxiliary verb, worden (from warden) and participle Partizip II. The semantic load from the application of this part of speech depends very much. That's why you need to spend a lot of time studying a topic like passive in German. The table in this case is unlikely to be able to help, because each verb changes individually - then you need to learn the rules.

Passive state in German

This is one of the types ofpassive voice. It means directly the result of the action taken. Sentences give an answer to the question of what kind of state the object is in. It sounds like this: "Wie ist der Zustand?". It should be noted that in the proposals built by this form, there is no agent of action. And in our native language, such constructions are usually translated as brief participles. One of the vivid examples: "Du bist eingeladen". If you disassemble in detail, then in Russian it translates as "You are invited". And in the form of a short participle is much more logical: "You are invited." The passive state can be formed with the help of the verb sein, which is an auxiliary. It is used mainly in the past and present time. Suppose: "Das Essen ist zubereitet wird" and "Das Essen war zubereitet wird" - "Food is cooked" and "Food was cooked".

Replacement of passive structures

I must say that, despite the frequentuse of passive voice in German, there are some ways to avoid its use. In particular, this applies to those phrases in which modal verbs are used. They are replaced by the use of the sein + zu + bundle of the infinitive. For example, the phrase "Das Handy kann repariert werden", translated as "mobile phone can be repaired", is shortened to "Das Handy ist zu reparieren". There is one more way to change the phrase. For this, the same "sein" is used, as well as the adjective with one of the following suffixes: "-lich" or "-bar". There is no clear rule as to which one is best used. The same proposal for a mobile phone will look like this: "Das Handy lässt sich reparieren". And often use the turnover sich lassen together with the infinitive. If we take as an example the previously mentioned phrase, then in this case it will sound like this: "Das Handy lässt sich reparieren". Which of the following options is better to apply - it already depends directly on the speaker. It should be noted that in colloquial German, it is more often these forms that are abbreviated. It is convenient, fast, understandable and, most importantly, competently.