Suffixes in the indefinite form of the verb. Spelling of suffixes of verbs

The spelling of a verb is not such an easy topic asseems at first glance, and many understand this. Vowels and consonants in the root, endings, prefixes - all this requires special attention. The suffixes in the indefinite form of the verb are also far from being so simple. Conjugation, the kind of verb - they are influenced very, very much. But with this you can easily cope, there would be a desire. Let's try to understand, from what the spelling of suffixes of verbs depends, and what they, these most suffixes, in general happen.

Basis of the basics

Any lesson of the Russian language "Uncertain formverb "would begin with the definition of the corresponding concept. Infinitive (and this is how it is called scientifically) - the initial, zero form, given in dictionaries and not having any morphological features. So, the indefinite form of the verb: time, face, number and inclination are absent, but it has perfect (reply) or imperfect (answer) view; the category of collateral - real (pronounce) and the passive (should be pronounced); returnability (turn out) and irrecoverability (escape). This wordform answers the questions what to do? and what to do? And one of its main features are suffixes in the indefinite form of the verb: -Th, ti, wh-. Some linguists distinguish such suffixes as -ity- and -the-.

And how to understand that this is an infinitive?

Definitely sort of sorted out. And what's next? How to define an undefined verb form? Is it possible to somehow understand that before us is the infinitive, and not something else? Easily! Take the verb we need, for example, to read, and look at its morphemic composition (those parts of the word, of which it consists). In this case there is our suffix -the-, in addition, we ask the question to the verb: to read - what to do? And the second sign corresponds. For complete certainty, you can try to determine the person, number and time - and it's impossible to do it. But the form (what to do? - imperfect), recurrence (there is no postfix -yas- - the verb is irrevocable) and a pledge (to read - I do it myself - it is real) are found without difficulty.

Another example is the verb flashing. There is no necessary suffix for us, and the attempt to ask a question he answers What do I do? - Again, not what we need. It is already clear that in this example there is a person (I flashing - the first), and number (singular), and time (the present), as well as form (imperfect), and repayment (non-refundable) and a deposit (valid). That is, this word form is not an infinitive.

Before determining an undefined formverb, you need to check it for the presence of basic morphological features. If they are not there, well, we have an infinitive, if there is a person, number and time, then this is just a declining verb form.

The end of the infinitive?

Another very difficult question for manyis the spelling of verbal endings, depending on the conjugation. It's not a very easy question to first determine which conjugation the verb belongs to, and to do this you need to put the verb into our indefinite form, see what it ends, proceeding from this, if possible, determine with conjugation and only then put the ending in the verb's personal form. With the infinitive everything is much simpler.

Endings of verbs in an indefinite form - a theme,which does not exist. Now many are frowning incomprehensibly: after all, somehow we define the same conjugation, we are looking at the ending for this? No no and one more time no. The same vowel in front of suffixes of the infinitive is another suffix, although some linguists define it as an ending. Necessarily for memorization: since there are no morphological signs, then the verbs can not end in an indefinite form. The infinitive is characterized by the presence of only suffixes.

A suffix, not an ending

Let's return to the final, infinitivesuffixes. On what does it depend which of them is the right choice for the verb? Of course, for a Russian speaker this is not at all a problem - we intuitively feel what to use, but for those who study the great and mighty as a foreign language, such a choice can be very difficult.

The suffix-ti- usually under stress (NESTI, LUCKY), as well as it occurs in words derived from these, when a prefix appears on them that draws on itself the stress (INDUCTION, INITIATIVES) - most often this prefix -you-.

-the- in turn occurs where there is no stress (talk, laugh).

Availability -ity- and -the- is typical for verbs, the basis of which ends in -d, t- (Upadu - fall, pletha - weave), the second suffix also exists in verbs whose basis in personal form ends with -b- (grebu - rowing).

Of course, there are a number of cases where suffixes in the indefinite form of the verb do not obey the basic rules, for example, klyanu - klyasti, growing - growing, but in this situation it can be said that these verbs are peculiar exceptions, so they, as sad as they are, need to be remembered.

We complicate the task

In general, consider only the standard -Th, Th, Whose- as suffixes in the indefinite form of the verb, speaking of the spelling of this part of speech, is not very correct. There are also suffixes -ova, eva- and -willow-, the choice of which is also associated with certain difficulties. They occur in words such as, for example, confess and so on.

The spelling of suffixes of verbs in this case requires the statement of this very verb in the first person of the singular (this is what corresponds to the pronoun I). If the required form ends with -yu, yuyu-, then you should choose the suffixes -ova / eva- (PREMIER TO PRESENT, VOYUYU-VOYAVAT), if on -I'm going, I'm going-, then the suffixes will go -willow- (bury, instill, instigate,).

And now a little more complicated

Continue the topic of spelling of suffixes can be another interesting rule. Those verbs that end in percussion -take-, keep the same vowel before the suffix in the infinitive without this ending, which stands before this suffix in the conjugated form of the verb (HOLD).

In addition, there are interesting, not entirely obeying the general rule of the word. In the indefinite form of the verb they write a compound suffix -to swaddle-: FEEL, STEM and so on.

A little nightmare

Another theme "favorite" by almost all students is the spelling of the suffix before -Th, Th, Whose-, which usually determines the choice of verb conjugation. Of course, sometimes it is obvious, but sometimes, in words like glue, it's not as simple as we would like.

In this case, you have to go deep into the conjugations. As is known, verbs have first and second conjugations. Both of them influence the choice of the ending in the personal forms of the verb. The problem is that sometimes the ending in a personal form is obvious, but what to write before an infinitive suffix is ​​not always clear. In this case, we take the controversial verb and begin to conjugate it. If the endings in conjugated forms correspond to the endings of the first conjugation (-Yu, -eat, -yet, -em, -e, -yout / -out), then it suffices to write down the suffixes by which the first conjugation is determined - -yat-, if the second (-y, -yu, -you, -it, -em, -it, -em / -at), then, respectively, to be. For example, the same thing glue - glue, glue, glue - thus, once correspond to the endings of the second conjugation, it is necessary to write the suffix of this very second conjugation - to grow.

Finishing line: soft sign in infinitive

And now let's move to the last of the most importantaspects concerning the infinitive. Certain difficulties are caused by a soft sign in the indefinite form of the verb - the hero of a huge number of Internet memes in the style of "the pain of any literate person." In general, it is very difficult to say why such a simple topic seems so heavy, but oh well, and we'll figure it out.

Whether it is worth writing a soft sign in an infinitive or not, it is very easy to determine. We take the verb, best in the third person of the singular (this is what corresponds to the pronouns he she it), and ask him a question. If the question what is he doing?, then the soft sign will not be in this form or in the infinitive (he teaches - what does he do? - teaching), but if the question what to do?, then, respectively, a soft sign will appear in both forms (he wants to learn - what to do? - study). Of course, everything here depends on the context. As you can see from the example, the same verb can be written with a soft sign, or without it. Let's try another?

I can not sleep.

They laugh at a serious conversation - it's silly.

Why do not we skip?

He is lazy to go out again.

He refuses, refuses in this situation - the only way out.

Conclusion

The verb is a part of speech that is multifaceted and complex,work with it includes a huge number of nuances, trifles, which should always be taken into account. The suffixes of verbs are definitely one of the most difficult topics in spelling, but still, if you remember the basic rules, everything will become much easier.

Let's repeat once again all that was said above. First, infinitives have no endings, it is a suffix, and only. The choice of it depends on the stress (under stress -ti-, without him -the-) and from the consonant, on which the verb stem ends (if on -d, t, b-, then, most likely, the infinitive will be endowed with suffixes -sity-). Next, about writing the suffixes -willow / willow- and -ova / eva-. If the verb in the first person of the singular ends in -uyu / yuyu- then write -ova / eva-, if in this form there is -willow / willow-, then we preserve the corresponding suffix. The real war unfolded around the definition of the consonant, preceding the infinitive suffix. Here we define the conjugation by conjugating the verb, and starting from it for the first conjugation with the endings -eat, eat, eat, eat, eat / eat- write -The /, if the endings of the personal form of the verb -ish, it, it, ite, at, yat- - choose between -to go to-. And the last: when the verb answers the question what to do?, write a soft sign in the infinitive, when the question what is he doing?, do without it.