Adverbs in English. The use of adverbs in English

Even those who claim that English is complicated can not but agree that adverbs in English are incredibly easy to understand. They are built simply, and there are very few exceptions to the rules.

What is an adverb?

You can not begin the explanation of the construction of adverbs withoutunderstanding what it is all about. We, the Russian-speaking people, can easily learn to use this part of the speech primarily because in Russian there are already similar words that are built on the same principle.

If you refer to the Russian dialect, it means a sign of the action of the object, its quality and state. It answers the following questions: as? when? why? how? where? Where? how long? Adverb can refer to the adjective and even to another dialect, describing their attributes. In a word, this part of the speech is very capacious, without it the Russian language would have become much poorer.

English dialects

The use of adverbs is not verydifficult task, after all we perfectly consult it in native speech. Adverbs in the English language do not differ radically from the Russian "fellows", so their assimilation is very accessible and does not require much stress.

All adverbs in English are divided intothree main groups, namely: simple (consisting of one word, which you just need to learn, like any other English), complex and derivative. Let us consider them in more detail.

Types of Adverbs in English

Simple adverbs, which are represented in one word, and they do not need to add any endings and suffixes, for example: often, now, never.
Derived adverbs, or adverbs, formed by adding a suffix or ending. Such suffixes are: ly, ward (s), like. For example, cold + ly - coldly - cold, slow + ly - slowly - slowly. Examples of using other suffixes are as follows: backwards-back, clockwise-clockwise.
Complex adverbs, consisting of two words, which are written either separately or together. For example, sometimes - everywhere, everywhere, everyone, everyone, forever-forever.

Having studied the table, you will understand that there is nothing easier than adverbs in English! The table is presented below.


simple adverbs	compound adverbs	complex adverbs
only one word, which does not change	we add the suffix	combine two words

Exceptions

Words that strongly resemble adverbs are still available in English. However, there are not so many of them, and it is not difficult to remember them.

For example, a word barely very much like an adverb, although in fact in translation means "hardly", whereas the word hard is a simple dialect and is translated as "diligently".

There are also a number of words that look quite like adjectives, in fact they are adverbs. Among these words are the following: friendly-friendly, silly-stupid, lovely-cute, olderly-elderly.

There is quite a legitimate question: how not to get confused and not start using an adverb in your speech instead of an adjective and vice versa?

In fact, everything is very simple: you just need not forget that in English everything is very clear, and every word has its place in the sentence. If the word that causes doubt is in front of a noun, it is an adjective, if it is before the verb, then it is an adverb. For a visual understanding, we give examples:

They are so freindly people! - They are such friendly people! In this case, the noun is described, then friendly is an adjective.

He is driving very quickly - He drives very quickly. In this example quickly characterizes the verb, being, in turn, an adverb.

Adverb as a circumstance

Adverbs can be subdivided not only by their structure, but also by the type of circumstance by which they are expressed.

Temporary adverbs express temporal characteristics, for example: now - now, now, seldom-rarely. Adverbs of the time in English are responsible for time indicators and are a very important part of speech.
Adverbs pointing to the location: behind - there, there - there, here - here.
Adverbs, describing how this or that action takes place: loadly - loudly, sadly - sadly, quietly - quietly.
Adverbs characterizing the number and degree: little is quite enough.

Without such words, speech would look poor and scant, but, fortunately, they exist and very adorn English!

The coincidence of adverbs and adjectives

Very often adverbs are completely similar to adjectives, differing only in their place in the sentence, which helps to determine what is in this case before us.

For example, cheap - is both an adjective ("cheap"), and an adverb ("cheap").

Consider the following examples:

This car was very cheap. - This car was very cheap. In this case cheap refers to the noun, respectively, being an adjective.
I have eaten very cheap - I ate very cheap. In this sentence, cheap characterizes the action and is an adverb.

Compare adverbs

It turns out that English dialects can also be compared, as well as adjectives.

The principle of action is the same, namely: there are the same two degrees of comparison - comparative and excellent, which are formed in exactly the same way as in the case of adjectives. Is not this a gift?

A comparative degree can be obtained by adding the ending -er to the adverb in the case that the word is simple. For example, hard + -er-harder. And of course, an example of use in the sentence: You should study harder and hard to learn French. "To learn French, you should study harder and harder. If the adverb is long, then more. For example: You look more happily than yesterday. "You look happier than yesterday."
An excellent degree is formed by analogy with the same degree as in adjectives, namely by adding an ending -est for short words and most - for long. For example: he ran the fastest. He ran faster. Just do not forget about the definite article the!! Its presence is necessary before an excellent degree of comparison.
However, even here there are exceptions. Let's consider them in the form of a table: