Hitrovskaya Square in Moscow - the most dangerous place

Destruction always becomes the mother of creation. This example was Khitrovskaya Square in Moscow. People lived peacefully on this place until a tragedy occurred. The renewed and rebuilt territory was to become a kind of a shopping center, but it turned into the abode of the social bottom.

City authorities of different time periods changedlay-out, altered or demolished buildings, but the name still causes mixed feelings among the population. On the one hand, it is something that resembles the market described at the beginning of the book "The Story of a Murderer" by Suskind, on the other - the most beautiful area.

History of creation

No one thought that the Hitrovskaya Square inMoscow will exist. If it were not for the sad coincidence of circumstances, then, who knows, perhaps even to this day this territory would remain a kind of sleeping area of ​​the city.

When the fire of 1812 passed through Moscow, it wasdestroyed a large number of buildings. Including burned and many houses. Since it was not accepted to keep funds in treasuries or imitations of banks, money was invested in jewelry, real estate or simply stored at home. After the city was burnt, many lost both housing and livelihoods. The residents of two mansions in the center of the White City of Moscow were no exception.

Owners could not independently restoreat home, and they still had to pay taxes. It was decided to lower these estates under the hammer. He bought them NZ Khitrovo in order to build a square and give it to the city.

This fact is documented in the correspondence of Nikolai Zakharovich with the then governor. Thanks to the generosity of the townspeople, Moscow received a beautiful place called Khitrovskaya Square.

Plan of the square and its districts

The general plan shows the area, one side is surrounded by buildings, and the other - trees that would give beauty. Four "ribs" were named according to the parties of the world.

The south has placed on itself trading numbers and inhabited farmsteads. When Khitrovo died, these buildings passed to the new owners, but survived to this day, although slightly modified.

Khitrovskaya Square did not meet its plan"Parent". After the death of the general, the number of trading rows increased, building a park. The location in the city center made this market extremely popular, and with time more and more buyers and traders began to come here.

Khitrovskaya Square in the 19th century (from the second half) began a new stage in development.

Dangerous period

In the first half of the XIX century, anothertrading range on the "eastern" side. The construction of the park zone was first postponed, and then ignored altogether after the construction of the "northern" and "western" sides. Some of the chambers have also survived to the present day, although they have been slightly modified both inside and outside.

Hitrovskaya Square was gaining trade turnover every year even more.

At first, before the church holidays and during the festivities, sellers with portable trays emerged, then the permanent tenants began to occupy places.

The real hell began when over the terrainbuilt a canopy. Here is the labor exchange, and in search of earnings unemployed, runaway peasants from all over the district began to converge. Many remained. For a couple of years, Khitrovskaya Square has turned into a haven for disadvantaged and drinkers. In short, if people were looking for a place in Moscow where there was a social bottom, then it was located right here.

In addition to the disadvantaged contingent therethere was also a complete collapse of any infrastructure. The lack of lighting, robberies and theft flourished in the area. The local people said that they do not need lights, since they will always find their way, and there is nothing to try and strangers.

The then Khitrovskaya Square is the most dangerous place in Moscow in the 19th century.

The Soviet period

In 1929 a building was built on this site,which is better known as "Iron", it is housed in a deli. In the apartments there were many townspeople, including famous ones, for example, actor Yevgeny Morgunov.

In the 1920s, the Khitrovskaya Square lost a square with rare and valuable varieties of trees. Of the former plants there were only three poplars.

In the late 30's, the construction of a favorite "local house with sculptures" began. At the same time, the school was erected as a substitute for the Zachatievsky Monastery.

Hitrovskaya Square, the most dangerousonce, and his name. It was renamed Gorkovskaya. This toponym existed until the 60s of the XX century. His appearance is tied to the play "At the bottom", because they believe that Maxim Gorky came here for inspiration and studied the features of the life of the lost people. But this fact has no documentary confirmation.

Reconstruction

The idea to restore the former appearance of the square aroseback in 1996. However, only in 2008 the application for restructuring was considered. Local residents were offered a project according to which instead of Electromechanical college there should have been a multi-storey house intended for offices. In addition to the building itself, it was planned to build a large parking lot for five hundred seats. However, this caused resentment among local residents and local lore. Over 10 thousand signatures were collected, and the historical legacy was defended.

Recently, the government granted Khitrovka a conservation status.

sights

Khitrov square, a dangerous place in the pastcentury, returns its former bright image. Here often come to walk and look at the legendary places. The moviegoers represent Morgunov, who often went out into the yard to play ball or wait for a friend.

Of particular value are architectural structures, among which is the surviving house Khitrovo, the profitable estate of Bunin.

Musicians honor the square as the birthplacethe great composer Alexander Scriabin. Preserved and the building, founded in the XVII century - the house of Yaroshenko, who at different times belonged to high-ranking officials.

Among the philologists there is a literary salon,located in one of the apartments, which collected the most famous writers and poets. Also here lived L. Kashin, who became the prototype of Anna Snegina. He and Sergei Yesenin were close friends, and the poet often came to stay with his family.

Myths of the Square

It is rumored that the Hitrovskaya Square, a dangerousonce, attracted and the legendary swindler - Sonya Gold Pen. It was here that she found her social circle, she could practice her skills and learn new things. As the legends say, in one of the houses the girl hid the treasure, consisting of the stolen jewels, but to find it so nobody has managed till now. Fans of easy money either went mad, or died under mysterious circumstances.

And ghosts are walking along the streets. They appeared when thieves tried to enrich themselves at the expense of the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. The intruders decided to make a dig, and when they were already under the sanctuary, the building could not stand it and fell right on them. Since then, their souls wander the streets and frighten passers-by with requests to beg for another's sin.

Another option is that a merchant-villain in a dreamsaw Nicholas the Wonderworker, who ordered him to steal and sell the cassock from the statue, in order to resume the business on this money. The man listened to him, and the apparel was in place at the same time.

Modern Area

Hitrovka is a unique area of ​​the city not onlybecause she managed to keep the historical buildings. This is the only place in the center of Moscow, in which the living quarters are much larger than the offices and entertainment centers. Residents have recaptured the area once, and now are again ready to defend their territory in the fight against developers.

Very often the local population can observe the shooting of historical films on the territory of Khitrovskaya Square, which became the pride of Moscow.

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