As the adjective, the predicate, the pronoun, the subject, the numerative, the verb, the comparative turnover, the definition and the circumstance are emphasized. The supplement is emphasized?
Ask a question about emphasizing the adjective orpronouns are possible only by mistake, and this article is just for those who are accustomed to clarity in everything related to literacy. Underlining the subordinate connections are formed, which form the members of the sentence among themselves, for example, the predicate and its complement. How is this or that word in the sentence? This is a more correct question, since it is not the word that actualizes itself, but its role in revealing the meaning. It is enough to divide the concept of a word as a participant in a concrete sentence and the concept of a word as a lexical unit of speech, and confusion with an emphasis will immediately disappear. Let's start with the proposal and its basis.
Members of the proposal, components of the grammatical basis, and parts of speech that express it
The grammatical basis includes the subject andpredicate, answering questions "who?", "what?" and "who does?", "what does?" respectively. The pronoun and the noun become subject more often than the adjective or numeral.
- the pronoun: "They built a snow fortress. "
- numeral: «Ten multiplied by eight. "
- adjective: "Older was responsible for order. "
- noun: "Stairs leads to the attic. "
So, the first stage in the distribution of roles is parsing the sentence. Consider an example of how the subject in the sentence is stressed: "The birthdays of the year in the snow fortresses were asleep."
| Word | The grammatical basis | group acc. | group of tales. | Addiction from members II level | Value | Part of speech | Answer to the question |
| days | Subject matter | ✓ | subject | n. | what? | ||
| births | ✓ | determination of | n. | What? | |||
| of the year | ✓ | addition | n. | What? | |||
| in fortresses | ✓ | circumstance | n. | Where? | |||
| snowy | ✓ | determination of | adj. | What? | |||
| slept | predicate | ✓ | act | tale. | what they were doing? |
As a result of the analysis it becomes clear thatThe key sign that allows to determine the type of underlining is the meaning of the word as a member of the sentence, and not its belonging to one or another part of the speech. The predicate is the verb prerogative. But it happens that a numeral, if it means an action, is emphasized by a double line, as the predicate is emphasized. It remains to emphasize the subject of one, the predicate two features, the definition of a wavy line, a dot-dash circumstance, and a dotted dot addition.
The definition of the role of a word in a sentence. Levels and schemes of subordinate communication
A pronoun can be a member of the main(subject) and secondary (addition or circumstance). In the role of the subject, the pronoun is underlined by one line, in the role of the complement - by a dotted line; as part of the circumstances - a dot-dash. They emphasize not words as parts of speech, but words as members of a sentence. In the analysis of the sentence, the key points are the search for a grammatical basis and the establishment of a schema of subordinate communication by means of questions addressed to each word, in the sense that follows the basis. Combinations of the "birth of the year"; "in the fortresses of the snow" are emphasized by a dotted line and a wavy line, respectively, as secondary members are emphasized. In the analyzed sentence, the grammatical basis - "days were asleep":
- The first level of subordination: "days" what? and "slept" where? ("birthdays", "sleeping in fortresses").
- The second level of communication: "birth" of what? and "in the fortresses" of what? ("birth of the year", "in the fortresses of the snow").
The word as part of speech and as a member of the sentence. Parts of speech in the role of predicates. Numeral in the sentence. The functions of the adjective and the subject, expressed by the numeral
How to distinguish a verb-predicate andverb-complement? What is the difference between the numerator and the subject of the numerative definition? What are the functions of the sentence in the adjective? Such questions are already associated with the role of the word in the sentence. The verb in the grammatical basis is a predicate and is emphasized by a double line. Very pronounced ambiguity in the adjective, and if you do not ask yourself another ill-posed question from the series "how the adjective is emphasized," and try to analyze its role in the sentence, you can emphasize its role:
- wavy line as a definition: "songs are joyful, sonorous, merry";
- dot-dash (addition of circumstance): "gloomy gray morning";
- solid line as a subject, ifan adjective means a proper or common name: "The fierce did not know mercy"; "Brown liked honey, vegetable food, and gray was a predator." The adjective in the meaning of the noun is called substantive, that is, revealing the "substance", the essence of the object.
Numerals represent:
- subject: "one thousand is not worth it alone" (type of underscore - one feature);
- the nominal part of the predicate: "five eight - forty" (double line);
- definition: "the first holiday of the year" (wavy line);
- addition: "one hundred is divided into five, four" (dotted line);
- circumstance: "when you are nineteen" (dot-dash).
Solving the question of how the numerals are emphasized, it is necessary determine its value and the level of subordination.
Questions to the members of the sentence and part of the speech with which they are expressed. Types of underscores
The circumstances explain, and additiondistributes the predicate, the definition specifies the subject. According to the law of management, the subject influences the predicate, the addition and circumstance obey the predicate. Thus, the definition and circumstance refer to different grammatical groups - subject and predicate. Secondary Members:
- groups of subject - definition;
- groups of the predicate - addition, circumstance.
As the definition and circumstance are underlined, we will consider after we get acquainted with the supplement. An appendix denotes an object transmitted by a noun or pronoun:
| Case | Your questions | Addition |
| The genus. P. | Who, what? | No one had such a beautiful dolls. |
| Dates. P. | To whom; to what? | Soshu I doll dress. |
| Vin. P. | Whom, what? | Dad gave me puppet. |
| TV. P. | By whom, than? | FROM doll you can play. |
| Proposal P. | About who about what? | Only talk about the new doll. |
The dotted line forms any noun and pronoun as a complement. Let's try to replace the word "doll" with a pronoun: "Only talk about it."
The management model and grammatical attributes of the supplement. As the pronoun is emphasized. The communicative role of the supplement. Structural features
Grammatical signs of the supplement - hiscontrollability from the point of view of morphology and syntax. In order to determine the type of underlining of the supplement, it is enough to see the first two levels of the hierarchical proposal model. The main informative function of the complement is to show the capabilities of the predicate, the set of its meanings. The main communicative role of the complement is to be a component of the message's purpose. One grammatical basis can include several additions. By structure, the addition can be simple, analytical (including composite), a combined single and complex one.
A simple addition is expressed:
- A pronoun: "I meet her" (as the pronoun in the role of each member of the sentence is underlined, we have already figured out).
- In his own words: "The chief summoned Petrov."
- Syntactically, the whole combination: "Zadornov funny ridiculed the United States."
- A nominal noun with the definition: "Slept a great original."
Structural features of analytical, combined and complex additions. Direct addition
The analytical addition is expressed by:
- a combination of "official word + significant addition": "I hope for success";
- a combination of "semi-service word + full-valued": "the fact of non-involvement", "a grade of wine";
- phraseological combination: "the conflagration is overgrown with Ivan-da-marya".
The combined single addition is expressed by:
- Two morphological additions: "he gave me a ring"; "Asked for hands and hearts."
- Composed wording of two or more additions: "Sherochka with Masheroshka - a couple do not spill water"; (before the subject is underlined, the predicate expressed by the noun is determined).
- Quantitative group: "I spent so much time"; "To serve a glass of water"; "Love of the three oranges."
The complex single addition is expressed:
- group "noun + infinitive + adverb": "ask the insolent to get out";
- a group of disparate nouns, pronouns: "he considered the king a tyrant"; "They called her a sorceress";
- additional clause: "I believed that everything would work out" (he believed what, what?).
One predicate may include severaladditions that respect a certain hierarchy among themselves. The main addition takes a direct position relative to the predicate, determined by the role case or the sequence. The remaining additions are considered indirect. When parsing a sentence with a complex single complement, it is necessary to distinguish how the verb of the infinitive form is emphasized in the role of complement (dotted line) and how - in the role of the predicate (double bar).
The function of the definition and the questions to which it answers. Parts of speech expressing the definition
| Parts of speech | Examples of definitions |
| noun | The river (which?) Volga always attracted tourists. |
| adjective | Majestic (what?) the monument "Motherland Calls!" is the emblem of Volgograd. |
adverb | The answer (which?) offhand sometimes it is more accurate than profound conclusions. |
| participle | Unbelieving (what?) Thomas is one of the biblical characters. |
| participial | The messenger (what?), exhausted from a long run, fell before the king. |
| phraseological turnover | The hero (what?) from a pot of half a quarter not at all embarrassed. |
| infinitive | Time (what?) collect harvest. |
Questions that establish a feature of the circumstances. The management model and case control. How is the comparative turnover emphasized?
| Types of circumstances | Your questions | Examples |
image the action to be performed | How, how? | Take care of your honor from the youth. |
| places | Where, where, where? | Because of the mountains, Uncle Yegor is traveling. |
| time | When, for how long, since when, until when? | And we saw each other off to third cocks. |
| causes | Why, why? | Because you just smiled at me. |
| objectives | Why, for what, for what purpose? | Learn how the circumstance is emphasized. |
The model of circumstance management reflects:
- its syntactic dependence on the predicate with reliance on cases;
- lexical communication of the controlling word and circumstance.
A case-control analysis helpsmore accurately establish the role of a secondary member: "Tanya was walking fast." Here, "fast steps" is equivalent to the concept of "fast", hence, is a circumstance (how?) And not an addition (than?). At the initial analysis, the phrase "quick steps" is emphasized with a dash-dot. The lexical connection is more associative, it helps to find exact combinations of words, guided by style of presentation, special terminology, personal active vocabulary. The most characteristic methods of composing word combinations are the methods of contrasting, juxtaposition, identity and homogeneity.
Principles and signs of homogeneity. Homogeneous terms of the sentence
Homogeneous members can become:
- Common: "Vorobyshke winked, fell on one foot, worked as syncopation, in a word, boorish."
- Unaccounted: "The lady tried on a shoe and was sad."
To understand the principle of homogeneity of secondarymembers of the sentence, consider an example: "Here receive parcels and send letters. We forgot how nice it is to send and receive letters. How many unwritten, unheard, kind and beautiful words are stored in the memory of the soul! "
1. We single out the homogeneous terms:
- the circumstances of the predicate, expressed by the infinitive: receive and send;
- the definitions of the subject, expressed by verbal adjectives: unwritten, unheard;
- the definitions of the subject, expressed by the adjectives: kind and beautiful.
- two additions of one predicate expressed by a noun: parcels, letters.
2. We group members according to the level of subordination with the main word according to the question to which they are equally responsible.
3. Establish their functions (the mode of action, attribute or distribution);
4. Determine how homogeneous terms are emphasized, and conclude that they are:
- are the answer to one common question for them;
- most often serve one member in the sentence;
- transmit the value of the same member of the sentence;
- underscore the same.
An exception is two circumstances of one predicate. This is sometimes different parts of the speech: "He walked slowly, slightly shuffling on the move."
- went (how?) slowly - an adverb in the role of the circumstance of time (underlined by a dash-dot-dash);
- was (how?) shuffling - gerundive from the verb "shuffle" in the role of the circumstances of the action (dot-dash).
Levels of subordination. Homogeneous and heterogeneous circumstances and definitions. Lexical units of the adjective
A group of homogeneous members:
- Uniform circumstances, regardless of lexicality,
correspond to one question: "Despite for a hard time, a wedding walked wide, for two village, the bride and the groom. "
- Homogeneous series of members of different levels of subordination: "Has risen moon and illuminated (what?) all forest, him pines, paths and secret corners". In the sentence there are a number of homogeneous predicates (the level of submission to the subject) and a number of additions to the second predicate (the level of submission to the predicate).
- A predicate may be adjoined by more than one addition. As stressed, heterogeneous circumstances consider the subject from different sides: "The wedding was strolled rustic, in a townlike way".
- Homogeneous definitions characterize the word by one sign: "Foliage blushed, turned red in the sun".
- Inhomogeneous definitions are expressed by adjectives of different lexical categories (qualitative, possessive, relative): "expensive sable overseas a junk-heater. "
Kinds of turns. Comparative turnover
Comparative turnover may mean:
- Sign: "Balda, his own head, rounded the butt around the finger "(Balda which one?).
- Circumstance: "He, as in a vicious circle, wandered in his memories "(wandered how?).
- Addition: "Fall a stone in the water»(To fall like what?).
In the role of circumstance, a verbal participle can act: "This is admiration, coming back again and again, grew into his mind in a touchingthe worship of the metaphor that the Russian language was famous for. " As the addition and circumstance is emphasized, one can determine, starting from the predicate, "overgrew":
- addition (underlined by the dotted line): (outgrowing into what?) in worship;
- circumstance (underlined by a dot-dash): (outgrown how?) coming back.
Comparative turnover often appears as an amplification of the definition or circumstance: "as light as a dream"(Light" how much? "); «you only send for death"(" Where? "In the sense of an excellent degree). In these examples the comparative turnover is underlined by a wavy line as a definition (like a dream), a dot-dash as a circumstance (after death).
The unity of declination of comparative turnover and complement - the object of comparison
Comparative turnover is similar to each otherphenomena or objects in accordance with the common trait. Strengthening or reducing the value of the complement by means of comparative turnover requires declining and emphasizing it in the same way as the addition is emphasized. Definition The type of underlining sometimes requires not onlyanalysis of the proposal, but also understanding the subtext of the turnover. As a result of the comparison, the properties of the object under discussion become actualized: "Who will you become: the creator, the fire giving, or a little warm place on the Earth"? Here revolutions: "fire giving" and "warm" - additions to the word "creator", although they confront each other in value. Therefore, each of these parts of the phrase is emphasized by a dotted line.
Types of comparisons:
- with the help of unions as if, as though: "Cold as if ice";
- with the instrumental case of the noun: "crumbled beads»;
- Union, with compound nominal predicates: "My children - force my and hope»;
- who deny: "grief no problem".
Only the dominant member in the turnover decides how the comparative turnover as a whole is emphasized. This can be seen on the question to which he answers most accurately.
1. Turnover-determination, based on a noun in the name:
- Uncoordinated definition to the infinitive: "bristle like a beast" (how to bristle?).
- An agreed definition added to the corethe word itself turnover: "He felt confident, happy, as if anew born person" (which?); "And even the poplar stood frozen, as if on duty on watch" (poplar what?).
2. Turnover is a circumstance based on a part of speech in the oblique case: "He sang a familiar song from childhood, deeply, seriously. How her father sang "(sang how, how?).
In contrast to the relative clause, this turn does not contain a grammatical basis and does not assert anything by itself.
In which cases, the union "how" is underlined. The question "what"? Stressing alliances, particles, on-duty words in turns
1. The union "how" introduces a comparison element into the proposal.
2. The comparative turnover or subordinate clause of the comparison with the union "as" is underscored by a wavy line, as a definition.
3. The union "how" can attach subordinate clauses of other types: "Look, as sea calmly Today "(how calm = how much calmer);
4. Turnovers with the "how" union, in addition to comparison, bear the burden of supplementing the circumstances of the cause: "From frost, as from a burn, the face burned ":
- circumstance - "was burning (how?) as from a burn";
- supplement - "burned (from what?) from frost to degree of burn", comparative turnover is an identical complement, as the combination of"from frost", So should the turnover of"as from a burn", - the dotted line.
5. The question "what?" refers to the instrumental case, the complement responds to it: "What is the cause of such attention?" The pronoun "what" is emphasized by the dotted line.
6. If at first sight it is difficult to determine whether the comparative turnover belongs to a circumstance, it is replaced by the substantive noun or dialect - the meaning of the utterance should not be distorted.
7. It is necessary to pay attention to particles, conjunctions, words that are peculiar to turnover (simply, exactly, absolutely, like, as if). Each of these elements helps to achieve a certain degree of comparison.
8. Together with the particle "not", the union "how" is emphasized by the members of the proposal to which they relate.
</ p>
