Statistical indicators

Statistical indicators are qualitative, andalso a quantitative characteristic of any property of some aggregate. Both these sides form the structure of this concept. Quality is determined by the sign that is being studied, it can be judged by the name of the indicator. A quantitative side is displayed in its numerical value.

The system of statistical indicators consists ofa set of several such characteristics. It is used to study and display the qualitative and quantitative aspects of processes and phenomena occurring in the life of society. It always takes into account the conditions of a certain place and time.

The characteristic given by statisticalindicators, always generalizing. This is their main difference from the individual values ​​of a particular attribute. For example, a private option is the salary of an individual employee of the firm, and the average salary of all employees of the same firm is already a statistical indicator. You can get it, unlike the first, only by simple or complex calculations.

Since the statistical indicators reflect different aspects of processes and phenomena occurring in the economy and in social life, there are several of them. You can classify them on several grounds:

1. By units of the aggregate, which can be as follows:

1) Consolidated. These are generalizing, abstract indicators. They give a characterization of the whole population as a whole and are subdivided in turn into:

- Estimated. They are obtained using special formulas. They are needed to solve certain problems of statistical analysis.

- Bulky. They are obtained by summing up several values ​​of the characteristic of certain elements of the population.

2) Individual. They characterize only one unit of the population or one object. This can be, for example, the number of employees in the enterprise.

2. Classification of statistical indicators by the functions they perform:

1) Prognostic. They show what the state of the phenomenon that is being studied can be in the future.

2) Accounting. They show the state in which the phenomena that are under investigation are at the moment.

3) Scheduled. They are focused on ensuring that the assigned tasks are carried out.

3. In the form of the expression:

1) Relative. In relation to absolute these indicators are secondary, derivatives. They express the correlation between the quantitative characteristics of statistical aggregates. Relative indicators are calculated by dividing the absolute indicators. They can be named, as well as expressed in percentages or coefficients. Relative indicators are divided into three subspecies:

- structures;

- plan;

- speakers.

2) Absolute. This is the initial form, which expresses statistical indicators. These values ​​give a characterization of the absolute sizes of those phenomena that are being studied. These are always named numbers. Absolute indices are expressed in terms of value units, labor and natural.

3) The average. This form of indicators is the most common. It characterizes the level typical for the phenomenon. This indicator can be calculated either on a unit of a characteristic, or on a unit of a statistical aggregate.

4. By the time factor:

1) Momentary. They give a description of the processes and phenomena that occur in the economy and society at a certain date.

2) Interval. They give a description of the processes and phenomena that occur in the economy and society in a certain time period (year or month, quarter, etc.).

To describe all the indicators using conventional symbols and images, it is customary to use special drawings-graphics in statistics.

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