Temperamental is ... Test: temperament. Psychological characteristics of temperament

In the list of the most significant properties thathas a personality, one of the first positions is temperament. Interest in this concept arose long ago, 2,500 years ago. In those distant times, certain differences between people were realized. An obvious fact was the existing individual characteristics of the physiological and biological structure of man, as well as his social development. All these factors have been thoroughly studied.

The concept of temperament

All people have certain characteristics of behavior. Some of them are mobile, emotional and energetic, the latter are imperturbable, slow and calm, others are secretive, sad and withdrawn.

Temperament belongs to the category of biologicalstructures of personality and is a property of a person, characterizing the depth and strength of his feelings, general mobility and speed of movements. It is these basic features that give a special color to all people's activities.

Individual features of temperamentdetermine the dynamics of human behavior and mental activity. They characterize the speed and intensity of the response, the degree of emotional balance and excitability, and the ability to adapt to the environment.

Components

Temperament has two components. One of them is activity, and the second is emotionality. The first element is a characteristic of the degree of vigor, speed and swiftness, or, conversely, inertia and slowness.

As for emotionality, this is an important characteristic of temperament, related to the impressionability of a person and his impulsiveness.

Types of temperament

Even the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates wasproposed its own concept in the study of individual characteristics of man. In his teachings, the great physician explained that the temperament is directly dependent on a mixture of four body fluids - blood, red-yellow bile, mucus and black bile. The predominance of this or that component lies at the heart of a sanguine or choleric, melancholic or phlegmatic personality type.

It should be emphasized that there are no bad orgood temperaments. Each of them has its own positive and negative sides. When dealing with a person, one should not try to change his behavior, because they are congenital. It is necessary to use all the virtues of temperament intelligently and to level out its negative facets.

Characteristics of the types of temperament

Basic types of individual featuresthe behavior of a person has a difference in the intensity of the emotional state and the dynamics of its occurrence. So, the choleric type is characterized by strong and quickly arising feelings. Sanguine feelings are weak. Although they arise just as rapidly. Melancholic type of temperament is distinguished by strong feelings that appear for a long period. In phlegmatic patients, all psycho-emotional processes are very slow. The feelings that arise are very weak.

Nature temperamental - it's choleric and sanguine. Such people are fast in movement and mobile. They have a tendency to external strong expressions of feelings. This is reflected in facial expressions, speech, movements, etc. Characteristics of temperament types indicate that phlegmatic and melancholic, on the contrary, express their feelings weakly. At the same time, they have sluggish movements.

System of dominant instincts

There is also a somewhat different classificationtemperament rights. It is determined by the dominant instincts and is represented by seven different species. The first of them is ego. Such people from the earliest childhood are more cautious. They are characterized by intolerance to pain, a tendency to fear and conservatism, suspiciousness, distrust and suspicion.

The next type of temperament is genophilic. In people who have it, the "I" is replaced by the concept "We". This type of personality is very responsive and delicately grasps the arising problems of loved ones. If circumstances are unfavorable, then an anxious person is formed, which is focused on caring for the family and children.

The altruistic personality type since childhoodis characterized by generosity, kindness and empathy. Such people, understanding the condition of others, are ready to give them the last. An altruist can not hit a man even in return.

With the research type of temperament, a special curiosity is noted from early childhood. Such a person strives to always get to the heart of the matter.
The dominant type of temperament is conditionedaspiration for leadership. At the same time, the ability to set a goal and organize, as well as to show will in solving any problem, is manifested. These people are distinguished by logical thinking and courage, the ability to highlight the main and responsibility.

Features of the temperament of the libertophilic typeare manifested from the cradle. The child already then protests against the diapers and a long lying in the crib. Over the years, along with him, the tendency to impatience of any restriction of freedom is growing. People with such temperament deny authority, they show tolerance for deprivation and pain. Such persons aspire to independence. They are characterized by a frequent change of places of work, intolerance to routine. It is not difficult for them to change their way of life.

Psychological characteristics of temperamentlignitofilnogo type lies in intolerance of any kind of humiliation. From an early age, these people are able to catch a sneer and irony in their address. Agree with these children can only be with the help of caresses.

Psychodiagnostics

Concerning the individual characteristics of that ora different kind of conclusions can be made only after the test is conducted. The temperament that any psychodiagnosis will reveal, however, can not be considered as one hundred percent inherent in a particular person. The fact is that each of us can become a little different tomorrow.

Tests for different abilitiespeople have been used since ancient times. With their help, you can identify not only mental abilities, but also the professional suitability of the employee, as well as his sincerity, etc.
However, it is a mistake to believe that conducting a test fortemperament will make it possible to distribute people according to its basic types. Only a few are unconditional representatives of a particular type of behavior. The psychological characteristic of temperament reveals in most cases a combination of one species with the features of another.

The basis of character

Temperament and personality are closely interrelated. Features of human behavior determine a number of its individual properties. First of all, they can be attributed to character.

In the event that we say that a persontemperamental, this means that we are talking about a person emotional, impressionable, anxious and impulsive. It is such a nature, the nature of which has a significant impact of various incentives.

If the person is temperamental, it meansgreater impact on it of those incentives that do not particularly affect a person less impressionable. Individual characteristics of each of us behavior directly depend on emotionality. If the temperament is temperamental, it means that it attaches great importance to the events that occur around it. At the same time, the depth and speed of emotional reactions are great.

A temperamental man has much morestrong bodily reactions. In doing so, they are closely related to emotions. Such an individual is not calm. He is in constant captivity of any emotion or, on the contrary, is suppressed.
Temperamental character is very impulsive. This manifests itself in the incontinence of reactions, their spontaneity. In this case, actions in any given situation are made by a person before he can think about them and make the right decision.

Temperamental woman or temperamental manfirst of all they react. Only after that they think about the correctness of their actions, often regretting premature and wrong actions or statements. Temperamental personality is characterized by anxiety. She often has fears and fears, as well as fear of something. All these emotional experiences are directly related to the arising anxiety. It seems to such a person that the surrounding reality in many its manifestations bears a direct threat to his own "I". Temperamental personality of this type is afraid of phone calls and strangers, examinations and public appearances, official institutions, etc.

The origins of temperament

Individual features of human behavioralso depend on the conditions in which the formation of his personality took place. Ultimately, temperament is influenced by education and training, the traditions of society and its culture, the customs of ethnic groups and much more.

Influence on personal abilities

From temperament depends to a certain extent andthe possibility of obtaining some skills. Especially it concerns the development of the ability to perform precise and complex movements that have an uneven pace and a difficult trajectory. The speed of reaction and the rate of excitability are important for increased efficiency and concentration of attention for a long time.

The difference between temperament and character

Features of human behavior are notcharacterize the content facets of the personality. They are not related to beliefs and views, worldviews and interests, do not determine the limit of achievements. Temperament refers only to the dynamic side of the activity. But at the same time, the behavior of a person can be judged by his character, the qualitative characteristics of the individual.

</ p>