Engineering Psychology
Engineering psychology as a science arose in the 40'syears. the last century. Its founders are DI Mendeleyev, meteorologist MA Rykachev, scientists IM Sechenov, VM Bekhterev. AK Gastev and IP Pavlov. It was I. M. Sechenov who was the author of scientific works on man and his role in the rationalization of labor activity and psychological processes. Engineering psychology, or rather, only its foundations, were also formulated by IM Sechenov.
His statement about the active rest of man asthe best means of increasing the efficiency of labor and especially the preservation of efficiency, have still not lost their relevance and are successfully applied in practice.
What is engineering psychology?
This science, or rather its industry, which inmodern high-tech society is becoming more and more relevant, because the questions that are studying the system of "man-machine" in the modern, rapidly changing world is becoming more and more.
What is its essence and what are the principles of engineering psychology? She studies the actual relations and peculiarities of the work of modern man in his production and management activities.
The result of this study isoptimization of the labor process of people, which is necessary in the creation of new technologies and, of course, directly new technical means. Thanks to them, management systems are being improved, and the basic characteristics of the modern labor process are improving.
Engineering psychology considers, in particular,actual and numerous problems of human interaction with computers. The consequence of this is the setting of certain requirements for both participants in this process. As indicators, such concepts as reliability, efficiency, speed, accuracy are used.
Very close to the foundations of engineering psychologyare located in a different science - ergonomics, which studies the labor activity of a person, the creation of safe jobs, and objects of labor. Based on the findings, new computer programs are modeled. Their goal is to create more favorable working conditions, which would increase its effectiveness. The whole system takes into account the physical and mental characteristics of the human body, based on the psychology, anatomy and physiology of the individual.
In turn, engineering psychology, as an industryscience, is an important part of ergonomics. In today's world, which is characterized by the rapid pace of development of high technology, sophisticated production processes and the latest equipment fundamentally changed the functions of man in production.
Another level of tasks, increasing the flowinformation and high-tech equipment put before the person new tasks and require from it higher loads. Physical efforts are basically reduced, and the individual in the commonwealth of "man-machine" becomes a less important link. The fault is the human factor. That is why there is a need to ensure the complete safety of personnel in modern production.
This problem can be solved by engineering psychology inaggregate with ergonomics. Thanks to the knowledge obtained as a result of research conducted by scientists of these industries, the successful functioning of technology is determined.
Engineering psychology and ergonomics also playthe main role in optimizing working conditions. Such an important indicator as ergonomics is the most general criterion of the properties of technology and characterizes the degree of comfort that corresponds to certain models of devices and mechanisms.
Why is engineering psychology andergonomics? They are exploring such areas as the creation of new jobs, their design, maintenance of machines, are studying the equally important issue of recruitment and training.
Engineering psychology and ergonomics have become the most promising sciences in the development of production relations and they have a tremendous responsibility in connection with the progressive development of society.
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