How to pay for water on the meter? Tariffs for water. Water tariff per meter
Is it accidental whether water is paid for a meter in Russia forthe last 5 years has changed its formula several times? The last version of Resolution of the Government of Russia No. 354 of 06.05.2011 was the closest to the optimal search option, how to pay for water on the meter. However, one can be sure that this is not the end point in the search for a solution, because the problematic nature of this sphere is obvious.
Variant of tariff policy from a professional
According to the director of the Association of Wastewater andElena Dovlatova, the essence of the matter is not to invent formulas. After all, you can infinitely "improve" the mechanism of additional charging the country's residents with the costs of systemic networks generated by imperfection. It is much more expedient at first to invest real money in the sphere of water supply, and then start improving.
In her opinion, this is not sufficient for thisthe main resource of investment, the current tariffs for water (in Moscow, a cubic meter of cold water costs 28 rubles 40 kopecks, hot - 125 rubles 59 kopecks.) Funds can be received after raising the price of water for the population and enterprises to pan-European. What is the rise in prices? Approximately two to two and a half times: the range of prices for cold water in Europe: from 1.5 to 2 euros per cubic meter (from 61.5 to 82 rubles).
However, even here there are doubts: does the executive director mean all of Russia? After all, the country is great, say, in the Stavropol region, the price for water is 1.5 times higher.
"Water" controversy
Before paying for the water on the meterindividual to the scale of the whole country, believes Elena Vladimirovna, it is necessary to truly renovate, "cleaning" the problems of social policy, which makes current users "pay for the past." If you take the system systematically, she believes, then for the construction of treatment facilities will take 3 years, a reasonable time will also take the sanitation of pipes. However, there are other opinions. Sergey Finayev, the editor-in-chief of the newspaper "Water supply and sewerage", opposes it, recalling that the profit of Mosvodokanal in 2010 was neither much less, but 4 billion rubles. Since this public coverage of this information caused a wave of criticism in its time, since then the profitability of economic activities by Mosvodokanal has been hushed up.
Associate Professor of MSTU. Baumana Hovhannes, in turn, expresses sarcasm, considering the "water business" profitable, and the key to how to pay for water on the meter, sees in the vodokanals in personnel policy do not focus on managers, but on specialists and shift the accent from financial flows to water. However, controversy without practical consequences by and large has no interest for society.
Payment for water from the point of view of the consumer
If you do not have counters, then you pay for water,guided by the standard of its expenditure per person. For Moscow, it is 6.381 cubic meters for cold water and 4.366 cubic meters for hot water. If the consumer installs water meters, then "suddenly" it turns out that his consumption is half as much.
In the event that water is supplied to the apartment via several risers of water, accordingly, several meters are installed in it, and their indicators are added.
The consumer posts the result of the summation either to the accounting department of the management company or to the settlement center.
Further - based on the submitted by the userdata - the accounting company accounts for the calculation of the client's debts. It is carried out according to the formulas of Resolution 354 and is displayed in the receipt sent to him at the home address, and in fact - the invoice for payment.
Prices for the use of water
The prices of water supply in Russia are stabletendency to increase. According to the relevant Federal Service, starting from July 2014, based on the forecasted inflation rate of 6%, water tariffs will increase by 4.2% (the figure is obtained using the 0.7 coefficient that is relevant for such calculations). In addition, starting in the summer of 2014, pilot projects on social water supply prices for water supply and sanitation will be launched in Russia. The essence of this innovation is to delineate the lower cost characteristics of the minimum required water consumption.
In addition, on the other hand, water tariffs forpopulation are relatively vodokanalov compensation for their costs. Structurally, this cost by 50% is the salary of "water managers", 20% "pulls" the payment for electricity and supplies, 30% - the restoration and reconstruction of networks. It is obvious that Elena Dovlatova has in mind the increase in the specific weight of this last component, when she suggests doubling the tariffs for water.
How to arrange water payment
Russian consumer, having received a receipt-invoice frommanagement company for payment, can, say, notice that he gave information about the use of 15 cubic meters of water, and he was charged for 19. This situation is natural. The fact is that the user is also charged the costs of the system. They are normatively supplemented with water payment, but in fact the consumer's expenses are added due to the following components:
- technological water leaks in networks;
- its over-expenditure in apartments without counters;
- connections of unauthorized (watering lawns, washing cars);
- Leaks in the intra-house system;
- through costs incurred by unaccounted temporary residents.
In this case, the common house water consumption indexon the common meter (OPU) will fix a much larger expense than the sum of the indicators for the ISP of all tenants (assuming that the meters are installed in all the apartments in the house). They are fixed normatively in the Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation, and hence - are legalized under the generally accepted name "common house needs". Accordingly, the methodology by which the payment for water is calculated can be greatly complicated by various nuances. This happens if there are no prerequisites for implementing a unified accounting technology by citizens: some of the tenants will install meters at home, some will not, and in addition, among the first group there will be families where the counters will break down.
The actual specific gravity of the "loss" of water
Unfortunately, in assessing the effectiveness ofWater supply should not rely on public information. Declarative reports of non-productive water losses in the country fix the specific weight of losses to the total volume of water 18-19%. However, according to experts, they are much larger. The general director of the Moscow-based Ecotech Ltd. Lev Skvortsov claims that he personally, with the help of German special machinery, installed a real share of losses in Moscow's water supply - about 50%. One journalist after this artistically won the payment of water: "Moscow tears nemet, but she believes the management companies." Is not it true that it echoes with the "pearl" that our best friend is a manager?
Achilles' heel in charge of water
Traditionally slabinka algorithm for determiningconsumer payment for water supply is considered to be the mechanism for distributing common house needs. The imperfection of his plan, as well as problems in implementation, were always present. For example, the previous Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 307 of May 23, 2006 was less complete than the current one. The following examples show this.
The direction of the "skew" in paying for waterside "the owners of meters / not using them" depended on the coefficient determining the ratio of the actual meter readings to the normatively calculated flow.
The problem of balance of interests
So, let's begin our reasoning. Initial conditions: the water tariff for the meter is equal to the tariff for the commissioners according to the regulations. In case the actual expenses prevailed and, accordingly, the coefficient exceeded one, the expenditure of the owners of the ISP was multiplied by a factor exceeding one. Thus, in fact, they, under these circumstances, paid for the expenses of tenants whose counters are not installed.
If this factor is lessunits, in order to determine the amount to be paid for the owners of the ISP, their testimony will be further reduced by multiplying by a number less than 1, so that the residents will not have householder needs.
Thus, judging by these simplereasoning, in the light of Decree 307, was largely deformed payment of water over the meter. The receipt, sent to the consumer, invariably testified to the uneven distribution among the tenants of non-technological over-consumption of water.
A new look at common house needs?
The presence of aformula of unproductive water expenditure. However, according to experts, the new algorithm overcame the "roughness" of redistribution between the owners of counters and the refuseniks from them in an original way. He fundamentally re-introduced the tariffs on water for the population by relating the area of the apartment to the general needs. Whoever is more spacious "penates", he gets a large share of non-productive water costs. True, the very nature of this "area / expense" ratio looks rather mysterious. But ... the norm is the norm.
The formula for determining the general housing needs for HVS i-th apartment
Decree of the Government of Russia No. 354 of 06. On 05. 2011, a new formula (1) was put in place, which determines the payment of cold water for the meter in part of imputed to the user general house expenses.
Viodn.1= (Vd - Σ Vunezh - Σ Vvvein.n - Σ Vwliving space - Σ Viof the year. - Vcr) * Si/ So (1)
u v w i, Where:
- Vd - the amount used for the reporting periodcold water, determined with the help of collective SDAs. In the event of a breakdown of the meter provided for in clause 59 of the Provision, utility charges are made on the basis of average monthly consumption;
- Vunezh - the amount of used HVS in the u-th non-residential apartment is correlated with clause 43 of the Regulations;
- Vvliving. - the volume of used HVS in the v-th residential apartment, not equipped with the IMS;
- Vwve.p. - the volume of used HVS in the w-th residential apartment, equipped with IPU. In the event of a breakdown of the meter provided for in clause 59 of the Provision, utility charges are made on the basis of average monthly consumption;
- Viof the year. - the amount of DHW of the i-th residential or non-residential premisesby independent heating (if there is no centralized hot water), used in the calculation period, is determined accordingly. 42 and 43 of the Regulations;
- Vcr - the amount of heat converted by heating during self-organization by the consumer of individual heating in accordance with clause 54 of the Regulation;
- Si - the area of the i-th apartment;
- So - the total area of apartments in the house.
However, similarly regulated andPayment for hot water on the counter, as, indeed, and in his absence. We are talking about the principle of adjusting the relative area of the apartment, as already mentioned above.
The formula for determining the general household needs for hot water in the i-th apartment
The same Resolution (No. 354 of 06/05/2011) is also imputed to use an updated formula that is relevant for tenants of apartment buildings when calculating the share of housekeeping costs of domestic hot water (formula 2).
Viodn.2= (Vd - Σ Vunezh - Σ Vvvein.n - Σ Vwliving space - Vcr) * Si/ So (2)
Its content is completely analogous to the previous oneformula for the redistribution of non-productive costs of cold water: the hot water tariff for the meter, as well as in the absence of it, is supplemented by the redistribution of common housing needs according to the principle of the specific residential area of the apartment.
Nuances of payment for water tenants
There are situations when conscientiouspayers, tenants of an apartment building are forced to pay excess funds. Often the reason for such circumstances is the presence in another apartment - with an unidentified IPU - unaccounted-for tenants. There are even situations where among the people living in the apartment, the number of unregistered people exceeds the number of those registered. How to be in this situation? The overspending is regularly displayed by the general house counters and then displayed in receipts sent by the management company to other tenants. You will not see a clue to resolve this issue in Decree 354.
In this situation, you will pay extra to thosepores until you are active. The situation is resolved by compiling a residence management act by the management company. In this case, it is advisable to involve in the check of the district police, based on his authority, granted to him under the Administrative Code of Russia - to register the protocols for residence without registration.
Conclusion
Analyzing the Russian innovations of recent yearsin improving the population's payment for HVS and DHW, the dynamics of this process are evident. The government "earns" one by one formulas, more justly introducing to the residents the imputed costs. However, this process by definition can not be crowned with one hundred percent success. After all, the effects are optimized, instead of localizing and correcting the cause.
It is clear that the whole thing is in the factors that generatephenomenon of common house needs. Recall that they include water leaks in networks; its overexpenditure in apartments where the IPU is not installed; unauthorized connections; house leakage; costs incurred by unrecorded tenants.
Obviously, they still have asystemic views on the problem, in particular, proposed by the executive director of the water supply association Elena Dovlatova - through an increase in tariffs to carry out renovation. However, at the same time, all water managers should work on a single strategic plan, not allowing the destructive and hopeless position of "accumulating profit" due to saving on capital investments. Also, the destructive policy of ignoring its profitability by the water companies, for example, Mosvodokanal is demonstrating today.
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