Defocus of vision: causes, symptoms and treatment

Many in today's world are regretfully recognizedto itself that do not give due attention to hygiene of sight. Most of the working day passes behind the monitor screen, in an appendage to which we strain tired eyes, reading news, watching videos, playing games on a smartphone or tablet. However, few people think about gymnastics for the eyes, special pictures for relieving tension, restoring glasses and simulators. Such a load on the eyes can lead to defocusing of eyesight and its more serious consequences.

Accommodation

Accomodation is the function of our eyes clearlydistinguish objects at different distances. The normal course of this process depends on the elasticity of the lens. Its highest rate is observed in childhood. With age, he is steadily declining. As a result, many people after the age of 40 have farsightedness, and by the age of 60-70 years already defocused vision is diagnosed.

Only disappearance is considered normalaccommodation, providing a vision in the distance, in the twilight and at night. Therefore, we all notice an uncomfortable vision in the dark. Nevertheless, the remaining "malfunctions" of accommodation can not be ignored.

Causes of defocusing of vision

There is no universal "culprit", which could be "caught" in violation of accommodation. The reasons for defocusing of the eyes, the treatment of which must be started as soon as possible, abound:

• Lack of active lifestyle.
• Excessive workloads on sight - constant work at the computer, reading or writing at dusk, darkness.
• Hypovitaminosis.
• Insufficiently useful food.
• Poorly organized workplace lighting.
• Children - the discrepancy of the height of the desk to the growth of the child.
• Chronic lack of sleep, violations of the "work / rest" regime.
• Incorrect reading - the distance between the eyes and the book, the monitor is less than 35 cm.
• Disturbance of blood flow in the cervical spine.
• Undeveloped musculature of the neck and back.
• Age changes.
• Genetic predisposition.
• Acute poisoning of the body (here you can include a hangover).
• The consequence of diseases of internal organs.
• The consequence of infections: from influenza to syphilis.
• The consequence of injuries, eye diseases: hemorrhage, lens dislocation, retinal dystrophy and so on.

General symptoms

With all forms of defocusing of vision, a person observes the following:

• The image is blurred when looking from close subjects to distant ones.
• Systematic redness of the eyes - conjunctiva and eyelids.
• Feeling of dryness, burning sensation in the eyes (exacerbated by the end of the working day).
• Increased fatigue.
• On the advanced stages: headaches, a chronic feeling of fatigue.

Forms of the disease

Consider a number of common forms of defocusing of the eyes and their characteristic features.

Spasm of accommodation. This pathology is most common in children and adolescents. Its essence is in the violation of the function of the ocular musculature, the result of which is the loss of the ability to clearly distinguish objects at different distances.

Asthenopia is accommodative. To this kind of disease are predisposed people,suffering from astigmatism and farsightedness, not wearing glasses or wearing incorrectly chosen means of vision correction. The cause of the illness lies in the overwhelming tension of accommodation in conditions where its reserves are already limited. With this asthenopia, the patient notes the following:

• Redness of the eyes.
• Rapid fatigue during reading.
• Burning, itching in the eyes, sensation of foreign body.
• Headache.
• Rarely, vomiting.

Treatment will consist of a selection of suitable glasses, lenses.

Presbyopia. This kind of defocusing vision is associated with age-related changes that affect the elasticity of the lens. Therapy - selection of correction tools.

Paralysis and paresis of accommodation. Such dysfunction is neurogenic in nature - it istrauma, poisoning. My short-sighted people notice it least of all. Patients with normal vision and farsightedness note a sharp deterioration in visibility when looking into the distance. Symptoms of defocusing are as follows:

• Discomfort when working with an object in the vicinity of its location.
• Burning sensation in the eyes.
• Appearance of redness of eyelids and conjunctiva.
• Rapid sensation of fatigue.
• Headache.
• The image in the eyes is blurred, double.

Sharp defocusing

Separately, I would like to highlight the causes of sharp defocusing of vision:

• Disease of blood.
• Brain tumor.
• Tumor of the optic nerve.
• Encephalitis.
• Metabolic disease.
• Disturbance of circulation in the carotid artery.
• Decompression disease.
• The pathology of the vessel, heart, kidneys.
• Eye diseases: subluxation / dislocation of the lens, retinal detachment, trauma of the optic nerve or the whole eye, vitreous hemorrhage, acute obstruction of the main retinal artery.
• Inflammatory processes in the nasal sinuses.
• Various infections: from sore throats and flu to typhus, syphilis, tuberculosis.

Symptoms of sudden defocusing are as follows:

• Points, strings, sparks, dark circles before the eyes.
• Falling visual acuity.
• Fogging the image.
• Change the field of visibility, sectorial fallout.
• Pain when changing the direction of view.

Diagnostics

Diagnostics of defocusing of vision is visual examination at the ophthalmologist, check with use of tables, computer diagnostics.

The specialist pursues several tasks:

• Investigation of the fundus.
• Identify the depth of visual impairment.
• Set the causes of defocusing.

In addition, a patient may be assigned to a cardiologist, neurologist, and therapist.

Treatment of the disease

Treatment of defocusing vision is mainly therapeutic. It consists of the following:

• Special drops, whose purpose is the dilatation of the pupil ("Irifrin", "Phenylephrine", "Tropicamide"). Best at night.
• Gymnastics for the eyes. Exercises for each case are strictly individual - they are selected by the attending physician.
• Vitamin complexes for the visual system.
• Lessons with pictures for defocusing of vision.

The last method - stereoparticles - oculistspay special attention. These are images consisting of dots and dashes randomly scattered on the canvas. Looking at this picture, you need to highlight on it a certain three-dimensional figure. This is especially useful for patients who during the day give a lot of strain on the eyes.

Such a simple and easy way, like stereo pictures, brings with it a lot of positive:

• Relaxing of the eyes.
• Relieve fatigue.
• Reducing the likelihood of spasms of the ocular musculature.
• Improving the ability to accommodation.
• Increased visual acuity.
• Improvement of blood circulation in the eye organs.
• Increased motor activity of the muscles of the eyes.

Possible complications

If you do not turn to a specialist when defocusing your eyes, you can bring on yourself the following problems:

• The onset of myopia development.
• Further development of astigmatism.

To rid yourself of these diseases,it takes longer and more expensive treatment: special glasses or lenses, laser vision correction. And even such therapy does not always help you to return 100% visual acuity.

Prevention

Prevention of defocusing is simple and simple:

• Healthy eating.
• Reduction of eye strain.
• Annual checkups from an ophthalmologist.
• Visual hygiene when working with a computer - the same stereotypes, eye gymnastics.
• Prophylaxis of existing chronic diseases.
• Prevention of stagnation of blood in the cervical vertebral area.
• Active life position. It is not necessary to exhaust yourself all day in the gym - it is enough traditional morning exercises.

We recommend that you turn to these easypreventive measures as soon as possible without waiting for the appearance of symptoms of defocusing of vision. A healthy way of life, gymnastics for the eyes, classes with pictures - this can all be given a little time. Especially if you read a lot, spend a lot of time at the computer, your work is connected with working with small details, drawings and so on.