Opisthorchiasis treatment, symptoms, causes and prevention

Opisthorchiasis - a helminthic disease of allmammals, including humans, which is caused by trematodes (Opisthorchis felineus). This helminth parasitizes in the gallbladder, liver, and also in the ducts of the pancreas.

How does a person become infected with opisthorchiasis? Sexually mature helminth secretes eggs into the external environment, which contain formed miracidia (the first stage of the life cycle of flatworms - trematodes). When the mollusc is ingested with such an egg in its body, miracidium enters the intestine and penetrates through the intestinal wall into the cavity where the sporocyst is formed. Approximately a month later, redias (second parthenogenetic generation of parasitic flukes) are formed from sporocysts, in which cercariae (larvae) begin to develop. Cercariae emerge from the shellfish and freely swim in the pond. Such larvae actively attack freshwater fish, while easily penetrating through their integuments into muscles and connective tissue. In these tissues they envelop in a peculiar envelope and are transformed into metacercariae (larvae in cysts). As a rule, metacercariae are localized in the superficial and deep muscles of the back, intercostal muscles, fins, gills, intestinal wall and caviar.

People become infected with opisthorchis when they eat raw,dried, frozen, and also insufficiently roasted invasive fish. In the thin section of the intestine of the final host, Opisthorchis felineus larvae are released from the membranes (cysts) and enter the bile ducts of the liver through the bile duct. In the process, the life of the opisthorchus secretes toxic products that cause an inflammatory reaction in the bile ducts. This in turn can lead to cirrhosis of the liver.

As a rule, opisthorchiasis has symptoms,treatment depends on the stage of development of the underlying disease. Clinical symptoms can manifest in the form of jaundice, decreased appetite, depression, general exhaustion and disruption of the digestive canal (constipation is replaced by diarrhea), body temperature fluctuates within the physiological norm. When palpation, the patient feels pain in the liver. The liver is enlarged, compacted, often with a variety of tubercles of various sizes and shapes. With a mild invasion, the clinical picture may be absent.

If you are diagnosed with opisthorchiasis, treatmentdesignate a complex. It is produced in three stages. The first stage is preparatory, during this period, stop allergic syndrome, inflammation of the gastrointestinal canal and bile ducts. They improve the functioning of the hepatobiliary system, carry out anti-detoxification therapy, and purify the intestines. With such a disease, as opisthorchiasis treatment and its effectiveness largely depends on the quality of the preparatory period. Another important role in anthelmintic therapy is played by the intensity of invasion, the duration of the disease and the degree of disturbances in the gastrointestinal canal. When diagnosed opisthorchiasis treatment is aimed at the release of the patient from helminths with the use of maximum doses of anthelmintic drugs.

The attending physician prescribes a diet with a minimumthe quantity of fats and ascribes the use of antihistamines and sorbents. In case of complication of the main disease inflammatory reactions of an infectious nature use antibacterial drugs. To strengthen drainage appoint cholagogue. Patients diagnosed with opisthorchiasis are treated with spasmolytics (no-shpa, baralgin, drotaverin, meteoplasmyl, duspatalin), probiotics (vetom, biovestin, linex, bactisubtil, hilak forte) and digestive enzymes (creon, penzital, pancreoflate, mezim-forte and other).

In the second stage of treatment,anthelmintic drugs with the active substance prazikvantel. After the removal of opisthorchias, a restorative therapy is prescribed from the body to normalize the motor and secretory functions of the liver (akhillan, hepatosol, vitamin, lithovit O, florent).

Some patients with a diagnosis of opisthorchiasisfolk remedies are carried out with the help of various extracts and infusions on the basis of immortelle flowers, herbaceous grass, hips, wormwood, cranberry, beetroot juice with garlic, etc.

For the purpose of prevention, one should not feed fursbeasts of cats and dogs of raw, dried or smoked fish. Among the population, helminthological literacy should be increased, especially among hunters, fishermen, fishery personnel and river fleet sailors.