Parathyroid hormone is elevated - what does the analysis say?

Parathyroid hormone (also called parathyroidhormone, parathyrine) is a hormone produced by the tissue of the parathyroid (parathyroid) glands located on the anterolateral side of the neck. They are located behind the thyroid gland, closely adjacent to its posterior surface and to the bottom of both its lobes. Parathormone is chemically inherently a complex protein substance, a polypeptide, an amino acid derivative.

Its main function is to participate andregulation of calcium-phosphorus metabolism in the body. The content in the blood of calcium and the secretion of parathyroid hormone directly depend on each other. The hormone is able to increase the concentration of calcium through the effect on the tissue of bones, kidneys and the gastrointestinal tract. In bone tissue, parathyrine helps to increase the yield of the dissolving part of the mineral from it by stimulating the synthesis of specialized enzymes that are responsible for the breakdown of bone material. Bone tissue under the influence of parathyroid hormone is resorbed and calcium ions are released into the blood. Together with the exchange of calcium, parathormone helps to regulate the level of phosphate in the body. Reducing the intensity of the first biological process, it intensifies the course of the second. In addition, this hormone is involved in enhancing the synthesis of calcitriol in the intestines, helping the reabsorption of calcium. Parathyroid hormone takes an indirect part in regulating the activity of all calcium-dependent enzymes on the reactions catalyzed by them. Under its influence is also a coagulating system of blood.

If parathyroid hormone is elevated, then heavyendocrine diseases associated with violation of the integrity of bones - hyperparathyroidism and osteoporosis. As a result of this physiological deficit, the level of calcium in the blood drops sharply, which leads to an increase in neuromuscular excitability. Concomitant diseases in this case may be an increased content of alkali in the body and the development of renal failure. By reducing the calcium content in the lens of the eye, cataracts occur.

The level of the parathyroid hormone in the bloodobeys the circadian rhythm. The basal level is set at about 8 am, whereas at 14-16 pm, when the person is at the peak of activity, parathyroid hormone is elevated. The blood test for the amount of parathyrine is carried out by the method of immunochemiluminescence. It must be done on an empty stomach, while for a day or two before taking blood exclude alcohol and heavy physical activity, do not smoke a few hours before the procedure.

On the parathyroid hormone,when the patient is suspected of the existence of such diseases as hyper- and hypocalcemia, urolithiasis and neurofibromatosis. Also, indications for the purpose of the analysis can be: osteoporosis, pseudo fractures of long bones, any physiological changes in bones or osteosclerosis of vertebral bodies, as well as suspicion of multiple endocrine neoplasias of types 1 and 2 (MEN 1,2). On parathormone norm for an adult is 9.5-75 pg / ml. This applies to both men and women of reproductive age. If it is determined that the parathyroid hormone is elevated, then there is every reason to assume that the patient has primary, secondary, tertiary hyperparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism or Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Under primary hyperparathyroidism combinehyperplasia of parathyroid glands, cancer of the gland tissue and endocrine neoplasia of two types. Secondary hyperparathyroidism includes chronic renal failure, hypervitaminosis D, ulcerative colitis, rickets, Crohn's disease. If the parathyroid hormone is elevated, the analysis is usually done together with the determination of the calcium level in the blood, and then a comparison of the two indices and the determination of the dependence are carried out.