Organs of the human abdominal cavity

The organs of the abdominal cavity of man are confined to the abdominal wall from the sides and from the front, behind - the vertebrae of the waist and muscles. Below them is a small basin, above which is a diaphragm.

Abdominal organs of the human body includeliver, digestive tract, gall bladder, spleen, adrenal glands, ureter, kidneys. Their blood supply is carried out through blood vessels. Diseases affecting the abdominal organs of a person are treated by surgeons, urologists, gastroenterologists.

Anatomy of the abdominal cavity

The structure of its wall includes muscles,connective tissue tissues (fascia and aponeurosis), fatty tissue. The organs of the abdominal cavity of man retain their vertical position due to the muscles of the anterior wall (abdominal press). In addition, the muscles provide protection of internal organs from mechanical influences.

The stomach is located in the upper part of the peritoneumleft. This body is responsible for processing food. Depending on its amount, the size and shape of the stomach can vary. It has a generally baggy appearance. The entrance to the organ is located at the level of the eleventh thoracic vertebra, and the exit from it is in the region of the twelfth thoracic or first lumbar vertebra. The stomach is divided into the cardiac part (the entrance area), the body, the bottom, the outlet area.

From the exit from the stomach right up to the analhole passes the area of ​​the digestive tube, called the intestine. Through its walls, most of the nutrients from food are absorbed.

The spleen is an isolated organlymphatic system. However, its location causes a closer connection with the circulatory system. The spleen has an elongated body and is located in the deep part of the left hypochondrium. It plays a very important role in the exchange process, in particular, in the exchange of iron.

Above the abdominal cavity on the right isliver. It is considered the largest gland in the body. With the help of ligaments, the liver is attached to the abdominal wall, diaphragm, intestine and stomach. The organ is covered with a fibrous membrane (a thin glisson capsule). The liver has a soft, but dense structure. It is red-brown in color. This organ is divided into four parts: a large right, a smaller left, an even smaller caudate and a square lobe. The most important functions of the liver include bile formation and bile secretion.

The gall bladder is referred to the digestive organssystem. It has a hollow structure and performs the function of accumulating and concentrating bile, regulating and maintaining a constant level of bile pressure in the ducts. The organ is located on the right hepatic lobe in its lower part. The shape of the gallbladder is pear-shaped, less often conical. Due to the extensibility of the wall, the organ can hold up to two hundred milliliters of liquid.

Near the spine on both sides in the abdominal cavity is a paired organ - the kidneys. It performs the function of removing the final products formed during the metabolism, and water from the body.

The adrenal glands are located in the retroperitoneal tissueover the upper parts of the kidneys. Their brain substance is responsible for the release into the blood of norepinephrine and adrenaline. In the cortex, lipids are produced.

One of the most informative, accessible,painless and safe of all non-invasive methods of diagnosing diseases is the ultrasound of the abdominal organs. Preparation for the study includes a refusal to eat eight hours before the study. Two or three days before the diet, it is recommended to exclude foods that promote increased gas production and contain a large amount of fat. Prescribe drugs that reduce gassing in the intestine.